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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

United States travel advice

Latest updates: Natural disasters and climate – removed information on Hurricane Hone

Last updated: August 26, 2024 11:45 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, united states - take normal security precautions.

Take normal security precautions in the United States.

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Border with Mexico

Criminal incidents associated with drug trafficking are more frequent at the border with Mexico, in the following states:

If crossing the U.S.– Mexico border by car:

• remain extremely vigilant
• only use officially recognized border crossings
• avoid travelling at night

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs, particularly in urban centres and tourist locations.

• Don’t leave bags or valuables unattended in parked cars, especially rental vehicles, even in trunks
• Ensure that your belongings, including passports and other travel documents, are secure at all times

Violent crime

Within large urban areas, violent crime more commonly occurs in poor neighbourhoods, particularly from dusk to dawn. It often involves intoxication.  Incidents of violent crime are mainly carried out by gangs or members of organized crime groups but may also be perpetrated by lone individuals. Although violent crime rarely affects tourists:

• be mindful of your surroundings at all time
• verify official neighbourhood crime statistics before planning an outing
• if threatened by robbers, stay calm and don’t resist

Crime Data Explorer – Federal Bureau of Investigation

Gun violence

The rate of firearm possession in the US is high. It’s legal in many states for US citizens to openly carry firearms in public.

Incidences of mass shootings occur, resulting most often in casualties. Although tourists are rarely involved, there is a risk of being in the wrong place at the wrong time. 

Familiarize yourself on how to respond to an active shooter situation.

Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide - Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency

Home break-ins

Canadians living in holiday homes have been the victims of break-ins and burglary.

Make sure you lock windows and doors securely at night and when you are away.

Common criminal strategies

Be on alert for robbery ploys targeting visitors.

Some criminals on highways target travellers leaving airports or other tourist destinations. They signal tourists to stop due to an issue with their vehicle. They then wait for the driver to pull over or exit the car before grabbing exposed valuables. Criminals may also throw items at the windshield, obscuring the view of the road and forcing the driver to pull over. 

If you’re the victim of such a ploy:

• avoid pulling over on the side of the road
• put on your hazard lights and slowly drive to a gas station, police station or other safe and populated area

Demonstrations

Demonstrations may occur. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs, including debit card cloning. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others
• use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Overseas fraud

There is a threat of terrorism. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, and hotels 

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) maintains a public alert system on terrorism to communicate information about terrorist threats.

National Terrorism Advisory System  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Hiking and mountaineering

If you intend on hiking, backpacking or skiing:

• never practise these activities alone and always hire an experienced guide from a reputable company
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• obtain detailed information on hiking routes or ski slopes before setting out and do not venture off marked trails or slopes
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• ensure that you are properly equipped and well informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary, including when you expect to be back to camp
• know the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be fatal

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the US authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

You must provide proof of your Canadian citizenship upon entry to the U.S. There are several documents that can satisfy this requirement.

Travel by air

Canadian citizens travelling by air to the United States must present one of the following documents:

• a passport, which must be valid for the duration of their stay
• a valid NEXUS card, used at self-serve kiosks at designated airports

This requirement applies to all Canadian citizens, including children, travelling by air to or even just transiting through the United States.

Useful links

• Canadian passports
• Mobile Passport Control app – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Travel by land or water

As per the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), Canadian citizens aged 16 years and older must present one of the following documents when entering the United States by land or water:

• a valid passport
• a Trusted Traveler Program card
• an enhanced driver’s licence (EDL) or enhanced identification card (EIC) from a province or territory where a U.S. approved EDL/EIC program has been implemented
• a Secure Certificate of Indian Status

The WHTI-compliant document you choose to use must be valid for the duration of your stay.

Canadian citizens aged 15 years and under entering the United States by land or water require one of the following documents:

• an original or a copy of a birth certificate
• an original Canadian citizenship certificate
• Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI ) – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Trusted Traveler Programs  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Enhanced Driver’s Licenses: What Are They?  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Apply for a Secure Certificate of Indian Status  – Indigenous Services Canada

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest diplomatic mission for your destination.

• Foreign representatives in Canada

Additional information at borders

Customs officials may ask you to provide your address while in the United States (including Puerto Rico). Customs Border Protection (CBP) officers may also ask for:

• evidence of residential, employment or educational ties to Canada
• proof that the trip is for a legitimate purpose and is of a reasonable length
• proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay     
• Dual citizens

Although U.S. authorities don’t formally require dual nationals to carry both a U.S. and a Canadian passport, carrying both documents as proof of citizenship may facilitate your entry into the United States and your return to Canada.

• Travelling as a dual citizen
• Dual Nationality  – U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs

Canadian visitors can usually stay in the United States for 6 months without a visa. You must declare your intended duration of stay upon entry into the United States.

In most circumstances, Canadian citizens don’t require visitor, business, transit or other visas to enter the United States from Canada but there are some exceptions.

Canadians Requiring Visas  – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada

Canadian permanent residents

Canadian permanent residents may need a non-immigrant visa to enter the United States.

You must obtain this visa from the U.S. authorities before entering the country. You must also have a valid passport from your country of citizenship.

Cross U.S. Borders – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Visa Waiver Program

If you are a citizen of a country that is part of the visa waiver program (VWP), you don’t need a visa to enter the U.S. for stays up to 90 days. Instead, you must obtain pre-travel authorization via the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior your departure.

• Visa Waiver Program  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA)  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security

You must also carry proof of Permanent Resident Status in Canada upon re-entry into Canada.

U.S. permanent residents

Canadians who are permanent residents of the United States must present a valid U.S. permanent resident card upon entry.

International travel as a U.S. Permanent Resident  – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada

Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada may freely enter the United States for the purposes of employment, study, retirement, investing, or immigration.

• Entry and exit for First Nations and Native Americans  – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada
• Green Card for an American Indian Born in Canada – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Working in the United States

Most Canadian business travellers may apply for admission at a U.S. port of entry without first obtaining a non-immigrant visa. However, travellers entering the United States in certain business-related categories are required to present specific documents to establish eligibility for admission.

If you plan to work in the United States, contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate for specific requirements.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada

Studying in the United States

Canadian citizens don’t need visas to study or participate in a student exchange program in the United States. However, they need to be registered with SEVIS, a U.S. student tracking system. Students must present their registration form to CBP officers each time they enter the United States.

• SEVIS – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Canadian students  – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada

Length of stay

If you wish to stay longer than 6 months, you must apply for an extension at the nearest U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office once you are in the United States and before the expiry of your initial authorized stay. Immigration officers may ask you to demonstrate that you are a temporary visitor in the United States.

The U.S. government strictly enforces immigration regulations. Remaining in the United States beyond your authorized period of stay can result in serious consequences such as detention or deportation.

There is no set period that you must wait to re-enter the United States after the end of your authorized stay. However, if a CBP officer suspects you are spending more time in the United States than in Canada, it will be up to you to prove to the officer that you are a temporary visitor, not a U.S. resident.

Extend your stay  –  U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Upon entry into the United States, non-U.S. citizens must provide biometrics, such as digital fingerprints and a photograph.

Most Canadian citizens are exempt from this requirement. However, it will apply to Canadian citizens who:

• need a visa or a waiver of ineligibility
• must obtain an I-94 Arrival/Departure Record form to document dates of entry and exit from the country

Random screenings of exempt Canadians have occurred at border crossings and airports. If you feel that your information has been wrongfully collected, you can address the issue directly with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

• Biometrics  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Arrival/Departure Forms: I-94 and I-94W – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Electronic devices

U.S. border agents are entitled to search your electronic devices, such as your phones, computers or tablets, when you are entering the United States. They don’t need to provide a reason when requesting a password to open your device.

If you refuse, they may seize your device. The border agent could also delay your travel or deny entry if you are not a U.S. citizen.

Before crossing the border, put your device in airplane mode to ensure remote files don’t get downloaded accidentally.

Inspection of Electronic Devices  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Preclearance

The preclearance service provides clearance for entry into the United States for persons and their luggage at a Canadian preclearance airport before departure instead of on arrival in the United States.

When using U.S. preclearance facilities at a Canadian airport, you must meet U.S. entry requirements. You will be interviewed by a U.S. preclearance officer. They are authorized to inspect your luggage and can refuse you entry into the United States.

It’s an offence under Canada’s Preclearance Act to knowingly make a false or deceptive statement to a preclearance officer.  While you are in a preclearance area, you are subject to Canadian law, including:

• the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
• the Canadian Bill of Rights
• the Canadian Human Rights Act
• Canada’s Preclearance Act
• Canadian criminal law

You may withdraw your request to enter the United States and leave the preclearance area at any time unless a U.S. preclearance officer suspects on reasonable grounds that you have made a false or deceptive statement or obstructed an officer. The officer may then detain you for violations of Canadian law.

Preclearance Locations  –  U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Criminal Record

If you have a criminal record, no matter the severity or the date of the offence, you may be refused entry to the United States. You may also experience problems when travelling through U.S. airport facilities. A pardon for an offence issued by Canadian authorities is not recognized under U.S. law to enter the United States.

If you are ineligible to enter the United States, you may apply directly to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility via the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Canadian citizens may also apply at land borders.

U.S. ports of entry are computerized and connected to a centralized database. Information is readily available on criminal convictions in both Canada and the United States. Even though you may have entered the United States without hindrance in the past, you could run into difficulty if your record shows a criminal conviction or a previous denial of entry. Attempting to gain entry without a waiver could result in several weeks of detention and a permanent ban from entering the United States.

• Applying for Waiver  – Person entering into the United States with criminal record or overstay – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Previous use of cannabis, or any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, could mean that you are denied entry to the U.S. If you attempt to enter the U.S. for reasons related to the cannabis industry, you may be deemed inadmissible.

• Cannabis and international travel
• Cannabis and the U.S. – U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Canada
• Laws pertaining to cannabis

Boating in U.S. waters

Operators of small pleasure vessels arriving in the United States from a foreign port must report their arrival to U.S. Customs and Border Protection immediately for face-to-face inspection at a designated reporting location.

Some exceptions apply, including under Nexus Marine.

Pleasure Boat Reporting Requirements  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

You must have a valid Canadian passport to take a cruise from the United States. Some of the countries you visit will not permit entry without a passport. A passport is also important to re-enter the United States at the end of the cruise.

Ship authorities might retain your passport during the cruise, in accordance with their own administrative regulations and to facilitate clearance with U.S. Immigration.

If your passport is kept:

• obtain a receipt
• ensure you recuperate your passport at the end of the cruise
• always keep a photocopy of your passport with you

Pets must appear healthy when examined at a port of entry. If there is evidence of poor animal health, your pet may be subject to examination and/or testing at your expense or may be denied entry.

Pets may also need to meet additional requirements, such as having:

• an import permit
• an export certificate or health certificate
• proof of vaccination (for example, rabies vaccination)

Animals may be subject to quarantine requirements.

• Dogs travelling to the United States
• Bringing a Dog into the U.S.  – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Bring a Pet From Another Country into the United States (Import) – United States Department of Agriculture
• Bringing Pets and Wildlife into the United States  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Children and travel

Canadian citizens under 19 travelling with a school or other organized group under adult supervision must travel with written consent from their own parent/guardian.

• Children: Traveling into the U.S. as Canadian Citizen  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Consent letter for travel with children
• Travelling with children

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

In this destination, rabies  may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. 

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife. 

Polio (poliomyelitis) is an infectious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. It is caused by poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (cVDPV2) is present in this country.

Polio is spread from person to person and through contaminated food and water. Infection with the polio virus can cause paralysis and death in individuals of any age who are not immune.

Recommendations:

• Be sure that your polio vaccinations are up to date before travelling. Polio is part of the routine vaccine schedule for children in Canada.
• One booster dose of the polio vaccine is recommended as an adult .

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Zika virus may be a risk in some areas of the United States. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s webpage Areas at Risk for Zika  for the most up-to-date information on Zika risk in the United States.

During your trip to a Zika risk area:

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to areas where Zika is a risk with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel to these areas.

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy .

• In this country, risk of  dengue  is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions webpage on Dengue in the U.S. States and Territories for the most up-to-date information on dengue outbreaks in the United States
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in this destination. Avian influenza   is a viral infection that can spread quickly and easily among birds and in rare cases it can infect mammals, including people. The risk is low for most travellers.

Avoid contact with birds, including wild, farm, and backyard birds (alive or dead) and surfaces that may have bird droppings on them. Ensure all poultry dishes, including eggs and wild game, are properly cooked.

Travellers with a higher risk of exposure include those: 

• visiting live bird/animal markets or poultry farms
• working with poultry (such as chickens, turkeys, domestic ducks)
• hunting, de-feathering, field dressing and butchering wild birds and wild mammals
• working with wild birds for activities such as research, conservation, or rehabilitation
• working with wild mammals, especially those that eat wild birds (e.g., foxes)

All eligible people are encouraged to get the seasonal influenza shot, which will protect them against human influenza viruses. While the seasonal influenza shot does not prevent infection with avian influenza, it can reduce the chance of getting sick with human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Health care is excellent. Service is available throughout the country. However, treatment costs are expensive.

All hospitals must accept and treat emergencies, regardless of the person’s ability to pay. Clients will, however, be charged for all services rendered. Foreign visitors without travel health insurance will have to pay out of pocket for their medical treatment.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

There are restrictions and prohibitions on the import of certain prescription drugs into the United States.

Some medication that can be purchased over-the-counter in Canada is restricted to prescription-only status in the United States.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication
• Ensure to have a physician’s note explaining your medical condition, if applicable

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Laws vary greatly from state to state. Consult the website of the state you wish to visit prior to arrival.

Penalties and transfer of offenders

A serious violation of the law may lead to a jail sentence or, in some states, a death sentence. Canadian citizenship confers no immunity, special protection or rights to preferential treatment.

If a jail sentence is imposed, it will be served in a U.S. prison, unless a request for a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved by the United States and Canada. Both countries have signed a treaty that permits a Canadian imprisoned in the United States to request a transfer to complete the sentence in a Canadian prison.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Although the possession of cannabis is legal in some U.S. states, it remains illegal under U.S. federal laws in any form and quantity, making it illegal to bring across the Canada-U.S. border.

Don’t attempt to cross the Canada-U.S. border with any amount of cannabis in any form, even if you are traveling to a U.S. state that has legalized possession of cannabis. If you do so, you can expect legal prosecution and fines, and possibly jail time.

• Entry/exit requirements pertaining to cannabis

Prescription medication

Personal medication may be subject to U.S. drug importation laws and regulations.

In general, personal importation of a 90-day supply of medication is allowed. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has absolute discretion to allow or not your Canadian-purchased medication into the United States.

When taking any prescription medication to the United States, it’s important to:

• take only the quantity that you would normally take for the number of days you will be in the United States, plus an additional week’s worth
• pack medicines in their original packaging with the dispensary label intact that shows your name and other pertinent information such as the drug’s name, dosage and DIN (drug identification number)
• keep a duplicate of your original prescription, listing both the generic and trade names of the drug
• have a physician’s note explaining your condition and the reason for you to be legitimately carrying syringes, if applicable

Prohibited and restricted items  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Some states have enacted laws and policies that may affect 2SLGBTQI+ persons. Check relevant state and local laws.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in the United States .

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of the United States , our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and the United States.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in the United States, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the American court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in the United States to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• The Hague Convention – Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Expedited removal

U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens from the United States for five years if, in their judgment, the individuals presented false documentation or misrepresented themselves. Lying to a customs official is a serious offence.

There is no formal appeal process under expedited removal. However, if you believe the law has been misapplied in your case, you can request a supervisory review by writing to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services district director responsible for the port of entry where the decision was made.

Find a USCIS office  – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Imports and exports

Contact the specific U.S. Customs and Border Protection office at the Canada/U.S. border crossing you are planning to use before starting your trip for the latest information on allowances and restrictions on bringing items into the United States. These change frequently.

Declare all items at your point of entry.

Contact information for USCBP  – U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Travel to Cuba from the United States

Existing U.S. sanctions restrict travel between the United States and Cuba. Tourists may not travel between the two countries. However, you may go to Cuba from the United States on other types of travel, if you meet certain requirements.

Cuba sanctions  – U.S. Department of the Treasury

You can drive in the United States if you have a valid Canadian driver’s license.

Traffic laws can vary from state to state.

Automobile insurance

Many states have mandatory automobile insurance requirements, and many require motorists to carry appropriate proof of insurance. Each state’s motor vehicles department can give you more specific information.

If you are in the United States and wish to drive to Mexico in your personal vehicle, you may need to purchase liability insurance and additional auto insurance.

• Foreign Nationals Driving in the U.S.  – U.S. government
• States’ motor vehicle department  – U.S. government
• Canadian Automobile Association
• American Automobile Association
• Road safety risks when travelling by land to Mexico
• Travel advice for Mexico

Hitchhiking

Never cross the border with a hitchhiker or as a hitchhiker. Though you may not be carrying anything illegal, the hitchhiker or driver might be, and you could be implicated.

Be equally careful about who and what you carry in your vehicle. As the driver, you could be held responsible for the misdeeds and belongings of your passengers, even if you were unaware of the problem.

The currency in the United States is the U.S. dollar (USD).

Canadian currency and personal cheques from Canadian banks are not widely accepted. Most banking transactions require a U.S. bank account.

There’s no limit to the amount of money that you may legally take into or out of the United States. However, you must declare to U.S. Customs and Border Protection:

• if you carry more than US$10,000 (in cash, cheque, money order,      travellers’ cheque or any other convertible asset) into or out of the      United States
• if you will receive more than US$10,000 while in the United States

Failure to comply can result in civil and criminal penalties, including seizure of the currency or monetary instruments.

Natural disasters can occur at any time.

Plan Ahead for Disasters  – U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Hurricanes usually occur from:

• May to November in the eastern Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii and Guam
• June to November in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

These severe storms can put you at risk and hamper the provision of essential services.

If you decide to travel to these regions during the hurricane season:

• know that you expose yourself to serious safety risks
• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator
• follow the advice and instructions of local authorities
• Tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons and monsoons
• Large-scale emergencies abroad
• Latest advisories  – U.S. National Hurricane Center
• US National Weather Service

Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged.

• Stay away from flooded areas
• Follow the advice of local authorities
• Monitor local news to stay up-to-date on the current situation

Earthquakes

Earthquakes pose a risk in the following states:

• Washington State

If you're in an area prone to earthquakes, familiarize yourself with emergency procedures.

• Earthquake – Get prepared
• Earthquakes  – Federal Emergency Management

Heat and humidity

Humidity and heat may be most severe during the hot season, from June to September, particularly in the South and South-West of the country.

Know the symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, which can both be fatal.

• Sun and heat safety tips for travellers  – Government of Canada
• Heat & Health Tracker  – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Bush and forest fires

Bush and forest fires are common and a risk across much of the United States, particularly during the summer months.

Wildfires can occur year-round but they are most common during periods of low rainfall and high temperatures.

The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke. In case of a major fire:

• stay away from the affected area, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• always follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel, including any evacuation order
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
• Forest fire information  – National Interagency Fire Centre
• National Wildfire Risk Index  – Federal Emergency Management Agency
• Latest wildfire information  – United States National Wildfire Coordinating Group
• Map of wildfires  – Fire weather & Avalanche Center
• California forest fires  – California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection

Tornadoes pose a risk across much of the United States, particularly in central, mid-west and southern states. Tornadoes may occur with little warning.

• Monitor local news and weather reports

Useful links:

• National tornado risk index  – Federal Emergency Management Agency
• U.S. National Weather Service

There are several active volcanoes in the United States.

In the event of a volcanic eruption, ash could lead to air travel disruptions. The air quality may deteriorate and affect you, especially if you suffer from respiratory ailments.

• Monitor local media for the latest updates
• Follow the advice of local authorities, including evacuation order
• Be prepared to modify your travel arrangements or even evacuate the area on short notice
• Volcanic eruptions  – U.S. National Park Service
• Vog  – Government of Hawaii

The state of Hawaii is prone to tsunamis. A tsunami can occur within minutes of a nearby earthquake. However, the risk of tsunami can remain for several hours following the first tremor.

If you're staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with the region's evacuation plans in the event of a tsunami warning.

Tsunami Evacuation Zones  – Government of Hawaii

Local services

Dial 911 for emergency assistance.

Consular assistance

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia.

Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee.

Illinois, Indiana (Jasper, Lake, Laporte, Newton, and Porter counties), Kansas City, Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin.

Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Utah, Wyoming.

Indiana (excluding Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton and Porter counties), Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio.

Arizona, Nevada, Southern California

Florida, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands

Bermuda, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York State and Pennsylvania.

Northern California, Hawaii.

Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to the United States, in Washington, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

You may call the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa toll-free at 1-888-949-9993.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Home Legal Answers USA Travel and Immigration Visiting the USA Do Canadians need a passport or other travel document to enter the USA?

Canadian citizens

Canadians citizens visiting the USA for pleasure may visit for up-to six months without a visa. If travelling for pleasure and entering by air they are only required to have a valid passport or NEXUS card to enter the USA. There are many rules regarding travelling to the USA as a visitor, student, or to work. To get help, ask a lawyer now.

If coming by land or sea , Canadian citizens are required to present a Canadian passport or one the following travel documents:

• Enhanced Driver’s License / Enhanced Identification Card (see below – programs are being phased out)
• SENTRI enrollment cards

Canadian passport

To apply for a Canadian passport, you must be 16 years of age or older. You must submit an application to Passport Canada (part of Citizenship and Immigration Canada) along with the following:

• two identical passport photos taken within the last 12 months,
• proof of citizenship,
• proof of identity, and

For more information on how to apply for a Canadian passport, visit  Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada .

Children aged 15 years and younger

Canadian citizens aged 15 years old and younger:

• If travelling to the USA by air must have a Canadian passport or a valid NEXUS card.
• If travelling to the USA by land or sea , in addition to a passport, other proof of citizenship is allowed, such as an original or copy of his or her birth certificate or a Canadian Citizenship Card.

Enhanced Driver’s License / Enhanced Identification Card

Enhanced Driver’s Licenses or Enhanced Identification Cards (known as EDLs) are documents that can be used instead of a passport for purposes of cross-border travel into the USA at land and water ports of entry.

The EDL program is in the process of being phased out in the following provinces where they were originally offered:

• British Columbia  – The program will be phased out over a five-year period, ending in September of 2025, when all current cards will have expired. Active licences and ID cards will remain valid through their expiry, and existing cards will not be renewed
• Ontario  – The EDL program ended in June 2019, however, those with valid EDLs can continue using them until they expire.

NEXUS membership is available to any law-abiding citizen or permanent resident of the United States or Canada. The program allows pre-screened, low risk travellers to more easily enter the USA and Canada. Travellers interested in participating in NEXUS must complete the application through the Global Online Enrollment System Website (GOES).

Nexus card holders will be processed with little or no delay by USA and Canadian officials at:

• designated highway lanes at high volume border crossing locations,
• at a NEXUS kiosk at Canadian airports, and
• at certain marine reporting locations in the Great Lakes and Seattle, Washington regions.

The Free and Secure Trade Program (FAST) is only available for commercial truck drivers. A FAST pass is available to Canadian and USA citizens with commercial driving licenses. A FAST membership card acts as proof of identity and citizenship when entering Canada in all highway lanes, including regular, non-dedicated lanes, as well as by water.

SENTRI Card

The Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection (SENTRI) is a program that gives pre-screened, low-risk, pre-approved travellers expedited clearance through designated vehicle traffic lanes along the Southern land border ports (Mexican border). Applicants must undergo an extensive background and criminal record check, as well as an in-person interview.

Canadian permanent residents

Whether a permanent resident of Canada requires a visa to visit the USA depends on their country of citizenship and if they have the appropriate travel documents. The Visa Waiver Program (VWP), administered by the Department of Homeland Security, permits citizens of  38 countries to travel to the USA for business (limited activities) or as tourists for stays of up-to 90 days without a visa.

To be exempt from obtaining a visitor visa, the person must:

• be a citizen of a country that is eligible for the Visa Waiver Program (VWP),
• have a valid e-Passport, and
• have a valid Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) approval prior to travel

Individuals with Canadian Refugee status (convention refugees and people in need of protection) wishing to travel to the USA are subject to the same requirements as Canadian permanent residents. However, in place of a passport, they must have a Refugee Travel Document. Applications for Refugee Travel Document are made to Passport Canada, and must include proof of status in Canada.

Native American Indians born in Canada

An Aboriginal person, who qualifies as a “Native American Indian born in Canada with at least 50% American Indian blood” does not require a visa and passport to enter the USA by land. Instead, they should have their tribal identity card to present to the CBP Officer. However, if travelling to the USA by air, they do require a passport.

There are many rules regarding travelling to the USA as a visitor, student, or to work, often involving Visas and travel permits. To get help, ask a lawyer now.

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Entering the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda

Learn what travel documents you need to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, or Bermuda.

To strengthen U.S. border security, the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) sets standards for proving identity and citizenship for citizens of the U.S., Canada, and Bermuda crossing U.S. borders. These standards determine what travel documents U.S. and non-U.S. citizens need to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda. Travelers who enter from Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories are not affected by WHTI standards.

Visit the Department of Homeland Security's WHTI FAQ page to find the specific travel documents you will need to enter the U.S. from these locations by air, land, and sea.

LAST UPDATED: May 24, 2024

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How Long Does My Passport Have to Be Valid For When Visiting the U.S.?

My husband and I are planning for our winter in Florida and my passport expires in June, 2020. I always thought my passport had to be valid for 6 months after my return date to Canada, but a friend recently told me that it only has to be valid until my return date. Can you please confirm if this is true?

Your friend is correct that your Canadian passport only has to be valid for the duration of your stay in the U.S.

However , we have heard reports that some U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents are unfamiliar with this exemption and are requiring passports to be valid for 6 months after your expected return date.

Accordingly, whenever possible we suggest travelling to the U.S. with a passport that is valid for 6 months after your expected return date to Canada.

If you do decide to travel with a passport that has an earlier expiry date and you run into trouble at the border, you may want to try politely directing the CBP agent to the directive on the CBP website that states Canadian passports only need to be valid for the duration of your stay in the U.S. Learn more here.

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I am an American citizen. What do I need to enter Canada?

American citizens, including American-Canadian citizens, must carry proper identification and meet the basic requirements to enter Canada . You do not need a Canadian passport, a Canadian visa or an eTA to enter Canada if you are travelling with a valid U.S. passport.

New entry requirement now in effect

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to fly to or transit through Canada by air. Exceptions include U.S. citizens and travellers with a valid Canadian visa. Canadian citizens, including dual citizens , and Canadian permanent residents cannot apply for an eTA.

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• Do I need a visa to visit Canada?
• Do I need a Canadian visa if I have a United States visa?
• How do I apply for an eTA for travel to Canada?
• I am visiting the U.S. I want to come to Canada. Do I need an eTA?
• Do I need a visa if I am travelling through Canada without stopping or visiting?
• How do I help a family member or friend apply to visit Canada?
• I am travelling with my minor child without my spouse. What documents must I present?
• What’s the difference between a visitor visa and a visitor record?
• Do I need to apply for both a visitor visa and an eTA?

How to videos

Glossary term

• Admissibility

Can a Canadian Permanent Resident Travel to USA? Your Guide.

As a Canadian permanent resident, you may wonder if you can travel to the USA. The good news is that Canadian permanent residents are generally allowed to enter the United States for tourism, business, or other purposes. However, there are specific entry and exit requirements that you need to be aware of before planning your trip. Let’s explore the details.

Key Takeaways:

• Canadian permanent residents can travel to the USA for tourism, business, or other purposes.
• There are specific entry and exit requirements that need to be met.
• Visa requirements depend on the country of citizenship for Canadian permanent residents.
• The Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection have authority over entry into the USA.
• Consult the U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites for up-to-date information on traveling to the USA.

Risk Level and Safety and Security in the USA

When traveling to the United States, it is essential to consider the risk level, safety, and security measures in place. While most of the country is safe for travelers, it’s necessary to be aware of specific areas that may pose higher risks.

Risk Level in the United States

Along the border with Mexico, in states like Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, criminal incidents related to drug trafficking may occur more frequently.

Travelers should exercise increased caution in these areas and use officially recognized border crossings when crossing the U.S.-Mexico border by car. It’s important to stay vigilant and follow local law enforcement guidance.

There may be instances of petty crime, such as pickpocketing, in urban centers and tourist locations. Travelers should be mindful of their belongings and take necessary precautions to protect their valuables.

Entry and Exit Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents

As a Canadian permanent resident planning to travel to the United States, you must familiarize yourself with the entry and exit requirements. These requirements ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience. Here are the key details you need to know:

• Traveling by Air: When traveling by air, you must present a valid passport for the duration of your stay or a valid NEXUS card at self-serve kiosks. This applies to both entry and exit from the United States.
• Traveling by Land or Water: If you’re entering the United States by land or water, you may need a valid passport, a Trusted Traveler Program card, an enhanced driver’s license (EDL), or other approved travel documents. It’s essential to check the specific requirements based on your travel purpose and the duration of your stay.

In addition to these requirements, it’s always recommended to carry your Canadian permanent resident card or other proof of your status as a Canadian permanent resident when traveling to the United States.

Remember, having the necessary documentation and meeting the entry and exit requirements is essential for hassle-free travel as a Canadian permanent resident.

Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents

The visa requirements for Canadian permanent residents vary depending on their country of citizenship.

If you are a citizen of a country eligible for the Visa Waiver Program, you may be able to visit the U.S. for up to 90 days without a visa. However, if you are not eligible for the Visa Waiver Program or your stay in the U.S. exceeds 90 days, you must apply for a nonimmigrant visa.

The Visa Waiver Program lets people from certain countries visit the U.S. for tourism or business without a visa. To qualify, you need a valid e-passport and approval through ESTA.

This program provides convenience for Canadian permanent residents who meet the requirements and plan to visit the U.S. temporarily.

However, you must apply for a nonimmigrant visa if you are not eligible for the Visa Waiver Program or plan to stay in the U.S. for longer than 90 days.

The reason for your trip determines the visa you require, be it for work, study, or joining a family member. Review the criteria and application procedures for the particular nonimmigrant visa category that suits your situation.

Disclaimer: The table info is just a general guide. Visa rules can change, so check the exact requirements for your country and the reason for traveling.

Permanent Residents of Canada and the Visa Waiver Program

As a permanent resident of Canada, you may be eligible for the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) when traveling to the United States. The VWP allows individuals from participating countries to visit the U.S. for business or pleasure for up to 90 days without needing a visa.

To qualify for the VWP, you must be a citizen of a participating country, possess a valid e-Passport, and have obtained ESTA approval. This streamlined process makes it easier for Canadian permanent residents to travel to the United States.

When getting ready for your trip, bring evidence of your Permanent Resident Status in Canada for your return. This could be your permanent resident card or travel document.

Also, have all the essential travel documents, including your passport and any extra paperwork that U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers might ask for.

While the VWP allows for visa-free travel, it’s essential to remember that it has certain limitations. The 90-day period is not extendable, and you must leave the United States before your authorized stay ends.

If you plan to stay in the U.S. for longer than the allowed 90 days or for purposes other than those permitted under the VWP, you must apply for a nonimmigrant visa before your trip.

Participating Countries in the Visa Waiver Program

Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents from Specific Countries

If you’re a permanent resident of Canada originally from India, you need to request a U.S. Visitor Visa. This visa lets you travel to the United States for different reasons, such as tourism, business, medical treatment, or participating in conferences and workshops. Review the visa requirements based on your citizenship to ensure a hassle-free entry into the United States.

The U.S. Department of State’s official website provides comprehensive information on visa requirements and the application process, making it easier to understand the specific steps you need to take.

Remember to allow ample time for visa processing, as it can take several weeks or months, depending on your situation.

Table: Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents from Specific Countries

It’s important to note that visa requirements may change over time, so it’s always a good idea to check for any updates or changes before planning your trip.

To find out what you need for a visa, contact the U.S. embassy or consulate where you live. They’ll give you the most current info.

Additional Resources for Canadian Visitors to the United States

Here are some additional resources Canadian visitors can utilize to ensure a smooth and hassle-free trip to the United States.

U.S. Embassy and Consulate Websites in Canada

The U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites in Canada are excellent sources of information for Canadian visitors. These websites offer detailed guidance on visa requirements, entry procedures, and travel advisories.

You can also find contact information for the embassy or consulate nearest your location, allowing you to reach out for any specific queries or concerns.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Website

The U.S. CBP website provides comprehensive information on admissions, entry requirements, and restrictions.

This resource can help you understand the processes of entering the United States, including the required documents, customs procedures, and guidelines for bringing restricted items.

Canadian Government Travel Advisories

It’s always wise to stay informed about travel advisories issued by the Canadian government. These advisories provide essential updates on safety and security measures in various countries, including the United States.

Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection

Before traveling to the United States as a permanent resident of Canada, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP). These organizations are crucial for safeguarding the security and safety of the United States at its borders and entry points.

The DHS is responsible for preventing terrorism, securing borders, enforcing immigration laws, safeguarding cyberspace, and managing disaster response efforts.

CBP, a branch within the DHS, focuses explicitly on regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, and enforcing U.S. regulations regarding immigration, customs, and agriculture.

As a Canadian permanent resident, you will come into contact with CBP officials when entering the United States at a port of entry.

These officials have the authority to permit or deny admission into the country, so it’s crucial to understand and comply with their requirements and procedures. Be prepared to present your valid passport, visa (if applicable), and other necessary travel documents, as requested by CBP.

In conclusion, as a Canadian permanent resident, your dream of traveling to the United States can become a reality. By understanding and complying with the entry and exit requirements and visa regulations (if applicable) and following the necessary procedures, you can have a smooth and enjoyable trip to the USA.

It is crucial to stay well-informed and prepared by keeping up-to-date with the latest travel information and resources. Consult Canada’s U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites for specific and up-to-date information on traveling to the United States.

Review the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) websites for essential details that may affect your entry into the country.

Remember, whether you’re going for business or pleasure, a successful journey to the USA as a Canadian permanent resident is within reach. Safe travels!

Can Canadian permanent residents travel to the USA?

Yes, Canadian permanent residents are generally allowed to enter the United States for tourism, business, or other purposes.

Is it safe to travel to the USA?

While the majority of the country is safe for travelers, there are some areas along the border with Mexico where criminal incidents related to drug trafficking are more common. It’s essential to remain vigilant and cautious of petty crime in urban centers and tourist locations.

What documents do Canadian permanent residents need to enter the USA?

When traveling by air, you must present a valid passport for your stay or a valid NEXUS card at self-serve kiosks. If you’re entering by land or water, you may need a valid passport, a Trusted Traveler Program card, an enhanced driver’s license (EDL), or other approved travel documents.

Do Canadian permanent residents need a visa to enter the USA?

It depends on your country of citizenship. If you are a citizen of a country eligible for the Visa Waiver Program, you may visit the U.S. for up to 90 days without a visa. If you are not eligible for the Visa Waiver Program or plan to visit the U.S. for over 90 days, you may need to apply for a nonimmigrant visa.

Are permanent residents of Canada eligible for the Visa Waiver Program?

Yes, permanent residents of Canada may be eligible for the Visa Waiver Program if they are citizens of a participating country, possess a valid e-Passport, and have obtained ESTA approval.

What are the visa requirements for Canadian permanent residents from specific countries?

The visa rules can differ based on your citizenship. For instance, if you’re a permanent resident of Canada originally from India, you’ll need to seek a U.S. Visitor Visa. Reviewing the visa requirements that apply specifically to your country of citizenship is crucial.

Are there additional resources available for Canadian visitors to the USA?

Yes, additional resources are available, including information on entering the country, business travel, visa exemptions, and more. It’s recommended to consult Canada’s U.S. Embassy and Consulate websites for specific and up-to-date information on traveling to the United States.

What are the entry requirements for citizens of Bermuda?

Citizens of Bermuda generally do not require a nonimmigrant visa for stays up to 180 days. However, there are specific travel purposes where a nonimmigrant visa is required. It’s crucial to review the visa requirements that apply to your trip, considering the purpose of your travel and how long you plan to stay.

What is the role of the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection?

The Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials have the authority to permit or deny admission to the United States at the port of entry. Reviewing the CBP website for information on admissions, entry requirements, and other vital details that may affect your entry into the United States is essential.

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Frequently Asked Questions

We have compiled a list of the most frequently asked questions about Canadian passports.

The content on this page is provided for information only.  While we make every effort to give you the correct information, it is provided on an “as is” basis without warranty of any kind, express or implied.  Canada Passport Help does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any of the information provided.

Do i need a passport to travel.

Yes, if you are traveling by air or by car between any country you must have a valid passport.

Entry requirements for each country vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.  Before traveling, check with your transportation company about your destination country’s passport requirements.

How long is a Canadian passport valid?

An adult Canadian passport is valid for 5 or 10 years.  A child’s passport is valid for 5 years.

Can I apply for a passport at a Canadian consulate or embassy in the USA?

Canadian consulates in the USA do not provide passport services anymore.  In case of emergencies, some Canadian Consulates in the US may issue a temporary passport so you can travel back into Canada.

How much does it cost to apply for a passport from the U.S.A?*

• Adult 5-year passport $190
• Adult 10-year passport $260
• Child passport $100

* Prices shown are for application fees only and do not include the cost of services provided by CanadaPassportHelp.ca

When should I renew my Passport?

You should  renew your passport  if:

• Your current passport was issued within 15 years of the date you apply for your renewal;
• Your passport is expiring in the next 6 months;
• Your passport pages are full;
• To renew your US visa or residency your passport must be renewed;

What is the requirement for renewing a Canadian Passport?

You may renew your passport if:

• The information (name, date of birth, sex, and place of birth) on your current passport does not need to be changed;
• Your current passport was/is valid for five (5) or ten years;
• You were at least 16 years of age when you obtained your current passport;
• You have your actual or a copy of your current passport;

If you do not meet any of the above requirements you should apply for a  new adult passport.

How long will it take to get my passport after I apply?

Processing times vary depending on the volume of applications.  The average government processing time for an application submitted from the USA is 4 weeks (20 working days).

Who can I use as references on my passport application?

Any two persons who are NOT a family member or relative and who have known you for at least 2 years.  Your references may be contacted by Passport Canada to confirm your identity.

What is a guarantor?

If you are applying for a new Canadian Passport you will need a guarantor to confirm your identity.

The guarantor must:

• be able to communicate in English or French;
• Have known you personally for at least two (2) years. Meaning that the guarantor is able to confirm aspects of the applicant’s personal attributes such as name, approximate age, place of birth, physical description, and some personal history such as occupation and place of residence.
• Be accessible to Passport Canada for verification.

What does a guarantor do?

Your guarantor must perform the following three (3) tasks free of charge:

• Complete and sign the “Declaration of Guarantor” section of the passport application form;
• Write,  “I certify this to be a true likeness of (your name)”  on the back of one of the passport photos and sign it;
• Sign and date a copy of each document to support your identity.

Who can act as my guarantor?

In regard to guarantor there are three options:

Option 1 – Canadian Guarantor:  The guarantor should be a Canadian Citizen holding a valid Canadian Passport.

Option 2 – Professional-US Guarantor:   A professional should be a Canadian or US citizen currently working and/or residing in the USA.  The guarantor must be currently registered/licensed with the appropriate local authority to practice one (1) of the following professions:

• Medical doctor
• Veterinarian
• Dean/head of university or college
• Lawyer/notary
• A notary public (the notarial seal must appear on the application form)
• Police officer, judge, magistrate
• signing officer of a bank or trust company, or of a financial institution that offers the full range of banking services (cash withdrawals, deposits, and savings)

Option 3 – No Guarantor:  If you have not known an eligible guarantor for at least two (2) years, you must complete Statutory Declaration in Lieu of Guarantor. The form must be completed by you and a person authorized by law (lawyer or notary public) to administer an oath or solemn affirmation.  This may delay the processing time of the passport.

Do I need to send in my birth certificate or my citizenship card/certificate when applying for a passport?

You do not mail your birth certificate or citizenship card/certificate when you are renewing your passport.  However, you must send in your current valid passport.

However, if you are applying for a  new Canadian passport , you need to submit the original copy of your proof of Canadian Citizenship (e.g. Canadian Birth certificate or Canadian citizenship certificate/card).

What if I do not have my original birth certificate or Canadian citizenship certificate/card?

To be eligible for a Canadian Passport you must have proof of Canadian Citizenship.  This includes a birth certificate issued by a province or a Canadian Citizenship certificate/card issued by the Federal Government.   If you don’t have your  birth certificate  or  your citizenship card  we could help you to obtain one.

Are Canadian passport photos the same as U.S. passport photos?

No, Canadian Passport pictures must be based on Canadian bio-metric standards.

If you have any questions you can also contact us .

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I possess a US and Canadian passport. Which passport would be recommended for my flight to the US?

Answer: Since you have both a US and Canadian passport, this means you have dual citizenship. Since you are traveling to the US, we recommend that you use the US passport to travel there.

US citizens will less likely be deny entry into the US than someone coming from another country. By using a Canadian passport, you may encounter issues as oppose to using a US passport. In addition, to avoid entry denial at the point of entry, a valid US passport will give a more secure entry. In addition, going through customs and immigration may be faster for a US citizen.

However, if your passport from the US is not valid, then you may face some issues. Though Canada is very close to the US and shares a border, passport officials do not cut any slack and will treat crossings from Canada to the US very seriously. So, to avoid any difficulties, use the US passport that you possess. On your return flight to Canada, you may use your Canadian passport to show proof of citizenship. This way you may avoid any immigration issues.

Nov 14, 2023.

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What You Need to Know About Visiting Canada From the U.S.

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Passport requirements have been a complicated and ever-changing issue for U.S. travelers to Canada due to the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), which was introduced in 2004 by the U.S. government to strengthen U.S. border security and standardize travel documentation. Visitors from any country other than the U.S. have always needed a passport to enter Canada. On the other hand, because of a friendly border crossing agreement between Canada and the United States, Canada Border Services did not require U.S. citizens to present a passport to enter Canada. This friendly border crossing agreement used to be mutual; however, now the WHTI requires that U.S. citizens have a passport to return home via air.

In this way,  passport requirements  for Canada and U.S. borders are different on paper, but, are in practice, the same. Canada will not allow a U.S. citizen into the country who does not have the proper documentation to return home.

The Canadian government requires citizens of the United States to have a passport to fly to or transit through a Canadian airport, but not to enter Canada by land or by boat. For those travelers, in lieu of a passport, Canada requires that you carry proof of your citizenship, such as a birth certificate, certificate of citizenship or naturalization, or a Certificate of Indian Status, as well as photo identification.

NEXUS is a voluntary program designed to speed up border crossings for low-risk, pre-approved travelers into Canada and the United States. The information you provide is used to determine your eligibility. 

NEXUS members use dedicated processing lanes at certain northern border crossing points, NEXUS kiosks when entering Canada by air and Global Entry kiosks when entering the United States via Canadian Pre-clearance airports. NEXUS members also receive expedited processing at marine reporting locations.

The U.S. Customs and Border Protection website has a list of trusted traveler programs including NEXUS and provides application information. 

Returning to the United States

U.S. citizens and permanent residents traveling to Canada by air are required by U.S. law to present a passport for entry into Canada and will need to present their passport again when returning to the U.S. For those traveling by land or water, you will need a passport, passport card, NEXUS card, Enhanced Drivers License, or another Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative-compliant document to enter Canada, and will need to show these documents again to return to the U.S.

Children under 16 need to present proof of U.S. citizenship when entering Canada with their parents. As with adults, the requirements are different for those flying. If minor children (under 18) are traveling alone, with one parent only, or with someone other than their parents, they may need additional documentation . This is for the protection of the children.

All children returning to the United States from Canada by air must hold a valid U.S. passport.

Recommendations 

Follow the most restrictive recommendations because you can't predict where your future travels will take you. Document requirements for travelers to and from Canada by air are required to have passports so even if you are traveling by car this time, consider obtaining a passport in anticipation of future travel plans.

Additional information, as well as current advisories, can be found on the websites of the Canada Border Services Agency and The US Department of State.

Related Articles

More related articles.

Do You Need a Passport to Go to Canada?

Everything you need to know about travel requirements to visit the united states’ northern neighbor..

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What documents are necessary to visit Canada’s wild places?

Photo by Shutterstock

Canada, the sprawling neighbor to the north, has it all: breathtaking national parks (like Banff and Jasper ), vibrant cities , culture, and Indigenous stories. As an American contemplating a visit across the northern border, you might be wondering about the travel requirements involved, particularly whether a passport is necessary.

Do you need a passport to enter Canada?

Yes, Americans need a passport to go to Canada, or an appropriate alternative document. And that’s whether you’re flying, driving, sailing, biking, taking the train, or walking into the country from the United States.

The policy that requires Americans to have a passport or equivalent document for transiting between the United States and Canada was passed by Congress in 2009 as the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) “ to strengthen border security and facilitate entry into the United States. ”

Under this initiative, a passport is considered the standard document for international travel. It replaced previous forms of identification, such as a standard driver’s license or birth certificate, which were previously accepted for crossing the U.S.–Canada border.

Acceptable alternative documents for crossing the U.S.–Canada border

If you don’t have a passport, you can use a few other documents to enter Canada as an American citizen.

Passport card

One such option is a passport card . Like a passport book, the card includes information about the carrier, including full name, nationality, place of birth, gender, issue date and expiration date, a unique identification number, and a photo, though it looks more like a driver’s license. However, it’s important to note that passport cards can only be used for land or sea travel between the United States and Canada—they will not be accepted as an appropriate form of identification for international flights.

Another option is a NEXUS card. The NEXUS program, jointly administered by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), offers expedited clearance for preapproved, low-risk travelers. To acquire a NEXUS card, there is an application process (made through CBP), which includes an in-person interview. The NEXUS card can be used for air, land, or sea transportation.

Enhanced Driver’s Licenses

Some U.S. states offer Enhanced Driver’s Licenses , which contain additional security features and can be used in place of a passport for travel to Canada by car. Enhanced Driver’s Licenses are available in Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington.

Boat, train, and foot crossings

For those traveling by boat into Canada (most Alaska cruises, for instance, stop in Canada), a passport or passport card are necessary. Same goes for trains.

If you’re traveling by foot and go through a border control area, you’ll need a passport, passport card, or NEXUS card. You could skirt that by crossing in a remote area, but we would highly recommend against that.

Stop by the neighbors: What to know about driving to Canada from Michigan

Few experiences resonate with the spirit of being an American traveler quite like a quick hop across the border to Canada. Residents of Metro Detroit frequently cross over to Windsor, Canada, our close neighbor to the north for a friendly visit.

Before you head across the border, here's what you need to know about passports and other documentation you'll need for you, your kids and your pets.

Do I need a passport to drive to Canada?

Whether you're crossing via the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel or Ambassador Bridge, Canadian law requires that all persons entering the country carry proof of citizenship and identity, according to the U.S. Department of State website . 

For U.S. citizens and permanent residents, a valid U.S. passport, passport card or NEXUS card satisfies the requirements. U.S. citizens who are members of the FAST program may use their cards as proof of identity when arriving by land.

A U.S. enhanced driver's license on its own is not proof of citizenship but may be accepted with additional documents that support the traveler's identity and citizenship, according to Maria Ladouceur, media relations spokesperson for the Canada Border Services Agency.

"In all cases, before making a decision on whether or not to allow a traveller to enter Canada, a Canada Border Services Agency border services officer (BSO) will review and consider each traveller's unique circumstances, the purpose of the trip, and the documents presented at the time of entry," Ladouceur said. "BSOs use all of the information available to them when a traveller is seeking entry into Canada, to determine if the traveller is eligible to enter the country. It is recommended that U.S. citizens travel with a valid passport to facilitate their border crossing because it is the only reliable and universally-accepted travel and identification document for the purpose of international travel."

Story continues below.

Do children need a passport to drive to Canada?

Children under 16 only need a birth certificate or other proof of U.S. citizenship to cross into Canada by land. The birth certificate can be an original, a photocopy or a certified copy, according to the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative . If you plan to travel with a minor for whom you don't have full legal custody, CBSA may require a letter of authorization from the minor's parents or legal guardian.

For groups of children under age 19 arriving by land and traveling with a school group, religious group, social or cultural organization, or sports team, they may also present an original or copy of a birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, a Naturalization Certificate or a Canadian Citizenship Card.

The group should provide, on organizational letterhead:

• The name of the group and supervising adult.
• A list of the children on the trip, the primary home address, phone number, date of birth, place of birth, and name of at least one parent or legal guardian for each child.
• A written and signed statement of the supervising adult certifying that he or she has obtained parental or legal guardian consent for each participating child.

Do I need a passport to re-enter the US from Canada?

According to the Department of Homeland Security , U.S. citizens entering the United States by land are required to present a valid Western Hemisphere travel initiative-compliant document, which includes:

• U.S. Passport
• Passport Card
• Enhanced driver's license
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST)
• U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders
• Form I-872 American Indian Card, or (when available) Enhanced Tribal Card

U.S. citizen children, ages 16 and under, arriving by land from Canada may present an original or copy of their birth certificate or other proof of citizenship. The birth certificate can be an original, photocopy or certified copy.

If the child is a newborn and the actual birth certificate has not arrived, a border officer will accept , according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

What if my passport has my old name on it?

U.S. citizens who change their name due to marriage, divorce, or because of any other circumstance, may travel using a passport or other Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative approved document in their prior name provided they bring proof of the name progression such as; a marriage certificate, a divorce decree or court documents showing a legal name change, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection .

Planning a group trip can be a headache: How this new Expedia tool makes it easier

What does it cost to go to Canada?

Crossing via the Ambassador Bridge to Canada will cost $6 and $8 when returning to the U.S. if you're traveling with a trailer, rates will vary based on weight and axles .

If you opt for the Detroit-Windsor tunnel, it costs $5.50 for automobiles and RVs, according to dwtunnel.com . On the way back, it's only $5.

The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel Bus will resume service Nov. 27, operate seven days a week and cost $7.50 each way, according to the City of Windsor .

Further north in Port Huron, it's $3.75 to cross the Blue Water Bridge into Canada.

And even further north in Sault Ste. Marie, it's $4 to cross the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge.

Can my dog or cat travel to Canada?

Dogs older than 3 months old joining your road trip can enter Canada if they're accompanied by a rabies vaccination certificate and appear healthy, according to the Government of Canada .

If your dog is younger than 3 months old, you'll need proof of its age, which you can get from a veterinarian, and the dog must appear healthy. A rabies certification is not required for dogs under 3 months.

However, it's against the law to bring pit bulls into Ontario, according to  Ontario law . The law does allow certain pit bulls to enter Ontario for recognized dog shows and flyball tournaments under limited circumstances.

If you're traveling with a domestic cat 3 months or older, you will need a valid rabies vaccination certificate or veterinary certificate.

If you're traveling with a domestic cat less than 3 months of age, a rabies certification is not required, but you'll need proof of the cat's age.

All pets must meet humane transportation requirements.

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Canada Travel Requirements

Home » Passports » How to Obtain a U.S. Passport

Over the past 20 years of helping readers like you with their travel document needs, one of the most frequently asked questions we get is:

• Do you need a passport to go to Canada?

Yes. Canadian law requires U.S. citizens to present a passport book or passport card to enter Canada. You also need a valid passport for all international travel by air.

If you don't have a passport , you have the option to use a WHTI-compliant travel document (more on these later). These are the only passport alternatives Americans can use to both enter Canada and re-enter the United States via a land or sea port of entry. Birth certificates and driver's licenses are not good enough .

Unfortunately, many U.S. citizens realize this too late. If you try to cross the Canadian border by land or sea without proper documentation, you will be turned away by the agents of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA).

A visa is not required for U.S. citizens to visit Canada for up to 180 days. Anyone seeking to enter Canada for any purpose other than a visit (e.g. to work, study or immigrate) must qualify for the appropriate entry status and should contact the Canadian Embassy (or nearest consulate) and visit the Canadian immigration website .

If you are planning a trip to Canada soon , you need to explore your expedited passport processing options . Otherwise, the processing time for a new passport or passport renewal currently takes 6 to 8 weeks , however it can take longer depending upon demand and world events. Some alternative forms of proof, like the NEXUS card, can take up to 6 months to get.

For the quickest turnaround time, using a registered passport courier service is the best option . These experts can help you apply for and get a passport book or passport card fast -sometimes in as few as 24 hours.

Check out or directory of top passport expediting services . Many of these businesses have multiple offices across the US at the ready to help you get a new passport or renew an existing one quickly and without hassle. With their help, you can save both time and money compared to the costs of getting a rushed passport on your own .

Table of Contents

How to enter canada without a valid passport book.

• How to Use an Advance CBSA Declaration
• Requirements for Minors Traveling to Canada
• Requirements for Business Travel to Canada
• Requirements for Canadian Dual Citizens

What You Can and Cannot Bring into Canada

Bringing vehicles into canada, how a dui or criminal record can affect entry to canada, final steps to prepare to visit canada.

U.S. citizens haven't always needed a passport to enter Canada.

Before June 1, 2009 Canadian law allowed all American citizens to enter Canada by showing a government-issued photo ID (e.g. driver's license) and proof of U.S. citizenship such as a U.S. birth certificate, naturalization certificate, proof of Indian status, or an expired U.S. passport. Those days are over .

Furthermore, even if Canada still allowed entry with only these forms of identification, the United States does not accept these documents as sufficient proof to re-enter the United States. Regardless of what Canadian law requires or what other proof is sufficient for Canadian citizens, American travelers entering Canada must be able to present acceptable proof of US citizenship to re-enter the United States.

Again, a valid passport book is the best and most versatile option for meeting both American and Canadian requirements ; but they are not the only options.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) allows for several different types of travel documents to be used to cross back and forth across the U.S.-Canadian border. In most cases, these are both more limited in their usefulness and more time consuming to get compared to a passport book.

One of the WHTI-compliant documents for crossing the land border is the U.S. Passport Card. The card may not be used to travel by air. It is only available to U.S. citizens (not green card holders or other non-citizen residents). All eligible American travelers are encouraged to apply for a U.S. passport card well in advance of anticipated travel to avoid any problems.

The following items are considered valid WHTI identification documents for traveling to Canada :

• A U.S. passport card
• An enhanced driver's license ( EDL )
• A Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS card SENTRI card, FAST card, or Global Entry card)
• An enhanced tribal card (ETC)
• A military identification card (only for members of the U.S. armed services on official maritime business)
• A Military ID with official orders that require travel to Canada or through the country's borders

While a valid passport book is the only travel document you can use for international air travel , the rest of the options listed above can be used at most land and sea ports of entry to Canada. They are also accepted when you leave Canada and attempt to re-enter the United States via any land border or sea border crossings.

Both the U.S. and Canadian governments urge frequent travelers, who must cross the border regularly to join the NEXUS Trusted traveler program.

WHTI documents (like the NEXUS card) simplify entering Canada by land or sea for frequent travelers in a number of ways:

• Passport books are big. Carrying them around is a hassle when you need to use them often. On the other hand, a passport card, SENTRI card, enhanced driver's license, or any of the other cards issued as part of the Trusted Traveler Program can fit alongside a credit or debit card in your wallet or purse.

The various WHTI cards are made from a durable plastic that is tougher than the current US passport book . However, if your card is significantly damaged, it can be rejected just as a damaged passport book would be.

• Passport books have limited number of pages. When your passport book is out of usable pages for entry and exit stamps, it must be renewed. There is no way to add pages to a passport book . This means people who need to cross the US-Canadian border often will also need to renew passports more frequently. This is time and an expense that can be avoided by taking advantage of WHTI programs.

If you are an American citizen and plan on entering Canada by land or sea, the WHTI offers a great way to travel to Canada without a passport.

But remember : if you are planning to fly in or out of Canada, you need a passport book. There is no passport card, WHTI document, or Trusted Traveler Program card that will allow you to board a flight.

Use an Advance CBSA Declaration to Save Time at the Border

The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) has introduced an optional feature called "Advance CBSA Declaration." This program allows travelers to submit their customs and immigration declaration up to 72 hours before arriving in Canada, enhancing the speed and ease of entry.

The Advance CBSA Declaration is currently only available for use at selected Canadian international airports:

• Toronto Pearson International Airport Terminal 1 & 3
• Vancouver International Airport
• Montreal-Trudeau International Airport
• Winnipeg Richardson International Airport

Entry Requirements for Minors Traveling to Canada

There are unique rules for some minors traveling between the U.S. and Canada .

U.S. citizens under the age of 16 (or under 19, if traveling with a school, religious, cultural organization, or other youth group) need only present a birth certificate (original, photocopy, or certified copy), Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or naturalization certificate to visit Canada. This is also sufficient for re-entry into the U.S.

All citizens are required to present a valid U.S. passport book to enter or re-enter the United States via air -regardless of age.

There are also additional requirements a minor's parents or legal guardian(s) need to fulfill.

If you plan to travel to Canada with a minor who is not your child or for whom you do not have full legal custody, the Canada Border Services Agency may require you to present a notarized affidavit of consent from the minor's parents or legal guardian(s).

There is no specific form for this document, but it should be a signed statement that includes:

• Dates of travel to Canada
• A description of the travel itinerary
• Names of parents or legal guardian(s) with full legal custody and photo copies of their government issued photo IDs (like a driver's license, passport, passport card, etc.)
• Names of the supervising adult(s) responsible for the minor while abroad.

You can use our minor travel consent form and save yourself the time and effort of drafting one on your own.

Minors aged 16 through 18 (that are not part of one of the aforementioned traveling groups) must follow the same rules as adults to enter the United States via sea and land borders. They can show either a valid passport, passport card, Enhanced Drivers License, or another Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI)-compliant document at the border.

Flying to Canada as an Unaccompanied Minor

There are also unique considerations for unaccompanied minors traveling by air to Canada without a parent or legal guardian.

Just like with adult air travel, a passport book is required for a minor flying internationally .

Most airlines comply with the U.S. Department of Transportation's general guidelines for unaccompanied minors traveling by air. That said, each airline can set its own guidelines.

You can expect additional fees when booking a flight for an unaccompanied minor, but it usually comes with additional perks like preferential seating, personal escorts on and off the plane, and additional attention and supervision throughout the flight.

For more, be sure to check out our guide to unaccompanied minor travel . There you will find more specifics about the rules, documentation, and options for helping a child travel to Canada (or any international destination) on their own.

Entry Requirements for Business Travel to Canada

Canada defines a "business visitor" as anyone who enters the country to "take part in international business activities without being part of the Canadian labor market."

The term business activities includes travel focused on:

• developing business interests
• acquiring business investments
• buying or taking orders for goods or services on behalf of a non-Canadian business or government
• attending meetings or trade fairs
• training Canadian employees or receiving training for work outside of Canada
• other acceptable business practices under the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement

For business travel, Canada requires a list of documents and authorizations before you can enter the country:

• a valid passport
• Official proof of U.S. citizenship (such as a passport or green card)
• a visitor visa
• an electronic travel authorization (eTA)
• letters of support from your parent company
• a formal invitation from the Canadian host business or a Letter of Recognition from the Canada Border Services Agency
• any other documents such as warranty or service agreements, or contracts, if relevant to your visit
• contact details of your business host in Canada (must provide contact(s) that can be reached 24 hours a day for the duration of your trip)
• proof that you have enough money for both your stay in Canada and your return home

Attempting to conduct business affairs in Canada without the proper documentation and permissions can lead to fines, detention, and deportation depending upon the severity.

Entry Requirements for Canadian Dual Citizens

It is possible to be both a U.S. and Canadian citizen. This dual-nationality status allows people the opportunity to be permanent residents of both countries.

Dual citizens are expected to follow the rules and laws of the country where they physically are. For instance, Canadian citizens need a valid Canadian passport to board a flight to or through Canadian airports. American citizens need a passport to do the same at American airports.

There is one notable exception for American-Canadian dual citizens: the combination of a U.S. passport and proper proof of Canadian citizenship can be used to enter Canada by air, land, or sea.

Acceptable proof includes items such as:

• a permanent resident card
• a Consular Report of Birth Abroad
• a Naturalization Certificate
• a Secure Certificate of Indian Status (SCIS) card or valid Certificate of Indian Status (CIS) card
• A WHTI or Trusted Traveler Program card (e.g. a NEXUS card satisfies this requirement)

There are specific rules regarding what American citizens entering Canada are allowed to bring across the border. Canadian law is very clear about these regulations. Failure to comply can lead to substantial fines, deportation, and even a permanent bar from Canada altogether.

Please note that regulations and restrictions are subject to change, so it's always a good idea to consult the official website of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) or contact them directly for the most up-to-date information.

What you can bring into Canada:

• Pets - There are specific requirements for bringing a pet from the U.S. into Canada. For instance, most dogs and cats must have a valid rabies vaccination certificate. Consult the USDA website 's guide for the specific regulations about specific pet species, breeds, and ages.
• Prescription medication - You can bring prescription medication for personal use, but the medication should be in its original bottle or container. You should also bring a copy of your current prescription and/or a letter from your healthcare provider.
• Food - You can bring most commercially packaged and labeled food items for personal consumption (e.g. snacks and canned goods). However, there are restrictions on certain food items like fresh produce, meat, dairy, and plants. Check the CBSA website for specific restrictions and limits.
• Alcohol and tobacco - You are allowed to bring a limited quantity of alcohol and tobacco products into Canada for personal use. Some specific limits and duties may apply.

What you cannot bring into Canada:

• Drugs and illegal substances - Narcotics, illegal drugs, and restricted or controlled substances are prohibited. Do not attempt to bring any across the border or you could be subject to harsh penalties from both the Canadian and U.S. government.
• Endangered species and byproducts - Items made from endangered species, such as ivory, certain animal skins, and products made from protected plants, are generally prohibited.
• Certain agricultural products - Many types of fresh fruits, vegetables, plants, and certain animal products are restricted. This is to prevent the introduction of pests or diseases to Canadian agriculture and ecosystems.

It is important to remember that customs officers at the border have the final authority to determine what can and cannot be brought into Canada. To ensure a smooth entry, be sure to declare all items you are bringing with you and comply with the regulations and restrictions in place.

Again, for the most accurate and up-to-date information, including the most current downloadable forms, please consult the CBSA website or contact them directly.

As an American citizen, you can bring your car into Canada and drive it using your state-issued driver's license and valid car insurance.

An International Driving Permit (IDP) is only required if you plan on renting or purchasing a vehicle while in Canada. Some provinces also require an IDP if you plan on using your own vehicle from the U.S. for more than 90 days.

You must follow all local traffic laws while driving in Canada. Some of the most important rules include:

• Follow metric road markings and speed limits . Remember: Canada uses kilometers, not miles.
• Do not drive with or under the influence of alcohol or drugs . A DUI is a serious offense in Canada. It can lead to expensive fines, loss of your vehicle, and even imprisonment.
• Wear seatbelts . Everyone in a car should be properly buckled in. This includes car seats for children under the age of 9 or less than 145 cm (about 58 inches) in height.
• Put your cellphone down . You can receive a ticket and fine for using an electronic device while driving. Use of hands-free connections to your vehicle or an earpiece is allowed.

If you plan to drive into Canada, be sure to check out our guide to the 5 Huge International Road Trip Mistakes Americans Make .

In Canada, the statute for DUI covers equivalent U.S. charges of DUI, physical control of a vehicle-moving or not-under the influence, and DUI as a minor. These are indictable offenses and, therefore, grounds to deny entry to the country if you are a foreign national.

You are considered rehabilitated ten years after the completion of your DUI sentence and are eligible to apply for rehabilitation five years after the completion of your sentence. If you're awarded rehabilitation, you're allowed into the country The process can take several months to complete.

If you've ever been convicted of a DUI or significant crime in the United States, and you're planning a visit to Canada you will likely be turned away. Approaching a Canadian land border without researching the current entry requirements ahead of time, or going through the proper process of a rehabilitation application is a roll of the dice.

You can try to enter by applying for a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) at the border. This is a complicated process that requires proof of why you should be granted access (e.g. a family emergency). If you are denied a TRP request, you cannot appeal. The decision is final.

While it's possible to gain admittance to Canada with a temporary resident permit, the Canadian government rarely grants these requests. More often than not, you'll be refused entry, and lose your non-refundable $200 application fee.

If you are traveling to Canada and have a criminal record of any kind, the best idea is to first contact an experienced immigration lawyer in the province where you plan to travel. This will help you avoid any legal surprises at the border or upon arrival.

Visiting Canada is one of the most popular forms of international travel for U.S. citizens. As with all travel abroad, the key to a successful trip is being prepared.

While you don't need a passport to visit Canada, it is, by far, the most versatile and useful form of travel documentation you can have. If you plan on travelling soon and need to get a passport quickly , you can schedule an appointment at the nearest regional agency or rush your passport application with the help of a registered passport courier service. Be sure to visit our directory of the top passport expediting services to find trusted and reliable help for your travel document needs.

It is also important to know where to find the nearest Canadian embassy and consulates are located:

• The Canadian Embassy is located at 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC.
• Canadian consulates can be found in Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Juan or Seattle.

These are crucial contact points for any American abroad in Canada as they represent your most direct contact with the United States.

If you are still planning your trip, be sure to check out The 5 Best Canadian Cities for Americans to Visit so that you can experience everything Canada has to offer. While you're at it, be sure not to miss our 10 Canadian Travel Planning Tips to be sure you are fully prepared for your visit to our neighbor to the north.

Top 5 Questions About Expedited Passport Couriers

1. How can you get a passport when you're in a hurry? 2. What exactly does a passport expediter do? 3. Are passport expediting services legitimate? 4. How can I identify a reliable passport expeditor? 5. Is expedited passport service worth it?

You can also visit our library of articles about passport expediting .

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• Travel Destinations

Renewing A Canadian Passport From The US

Published: December 11, 2023

Modified: December 28, 2023

by Josey Pate

• Plan Your Trip
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• Travel Essentials & Accessories
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Introduction

Renewing a Canadian passport from the US is a straightforward process that ensures Canadians living abroad maintain a valid travel document. Whether you are a Canadian citizen living in the United States temporarily or permanently, renewing your passport is essential for international travel and identification purposes.

As a Canadian citizen in the US, it is crucial to keep your passport up to date to avoid any issues or delays when crossing borders. Fortunately, the Government of Canada offers a convenient and efficient passport renewal process that can be completed online or by mail.

In this article, we will guide you through the steps to renew a Canadian passport from the US, covering the eligibility requirements, gathering the required documents, filling out the application form, paying the passport fees, submitting the application, tracking its progress, and finally, receiving the new passport.

By following these steps, you can ensure a smooth and hassle-free passport renewal experience, allowing you to continue enjoying your Canadian citizenship and exploring the world.

Eligibility Requirements

Before you begin the process of renewing your Canadian passport from the US, it is important to ensure that you meet the eligibility requirements set by the Government of Canada. To be eligible for passport renewal, you must:

• Be a Canadian citizen
• Hold a valid Canadian passport
• Be at least 16 years of age
• Reside in the United States
• Have a passport that is about to expire or has already expired within the last year
• Not have been issued a new or replacement Canadian passport since the expiry of your previous passport

If you meet these eligibility requirements, you can proceed with the process of renewing your Canadian passport. However, if you do not meet these criteria, you may need to follow a different process, such as applying for a new passport or applying for a passport for a child under 16 years of age.

If you are uncertain about your eligibility or have any specific concerns regarding your passport renewal, it is recommended to reach out to the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate in the United States for guidance and clarification.

It is worth noting that the renewal process for Canadians residing in the US may be slightly different from those living in Canada. Therefore, it is essential to follow the specific guidelines provided by the Government of Canada for passport renewal from the US.

Now that you understand the eligibility requirements let’s move on to the next step, which is gathering the required documents.

Gathering Required Documents

When renewing your Canadian passport from the US, it is crucial to gather all the necessary documents to ensure a smooth and successful renewal process. Here are the documents you will need to gather:

• Your most recent Canadian passport
• Two identical passport photos
• Proof of Canadian citizenship (if your most recent passport does not provide this information)
• Proof of residency in the United States (such as a US visa or Green Card)
• Any relevant legal documents (if you have undergone a name change)
• A copy of your current US visa or US residency documentation
• A completed and signed “Statutory Declaration of Guarantor” form

It is important to ensure that your passport photos meet the specific requirements set by the Government of Canada. The photos must be taken recently and meet the size, composition, and quality guidelines. The Canadian passport photo requirements can be found on the Government of Canada’s official website.

If your most recent Canadian passport does not provide proof of Canadian citizenship, you will need to submit additional documents to establish your citizenship, such as a birth certificate or certificate of Canadian citizenship.

Similarly, if you have undergone a name change, you will need to provide legal documents, such as a marriage certificate or court-issued name change documentation.

Make sure to gather all these documents before proceeding to the next step, as incomplete or missing documents may result in delays or rejection of your passport renewal application.

Now that you have gathered all the required documents, let’s move on to the next step, which is filling out the application form.

Filling out the Application Form

Once you have gathered all the required documents, the next step in renewing your Canadian passport from the US is to fill out the application form. Here’s how you can do it:

• Visit the official website of the Government of Canada’s passport services.
• Download and print the “Adult Simplified Renewal Passport Application Form” (also known as “Form PPTC 054”).
• Read the instructions carefully and fill out the application form using black ink or type the information online before printing.
• Ensure that all the information provided is accurate and up to date.
• Sign and date the application form.

When filling out the application form, pay close attention to the following sections:

• Section 1: Personal Information – Provide your personal details, including your name, date of birth, place of birth, and contact information.
• Section 3: Eligibility – Confirm that you meet the eligibility requirements for passport renewal.
• Section 5: Guarantor – Fill in the information about your guarantor, who must meet specific criteria outlined in the application form.
• Section 6: Previous Canadian Travel Document – Provide details about your most recent Canadian passport.
• Section 8: Signature – Sign and date the application form.

Ensure that the information provided on the application form matches the information on your supporting documents, such as your passport, proof of citizenship, and proof of residency.

Remember to double-check all the information before submitting the application form to avoid any mistakes or errors that could potentially delay the processing of your passport renewal.

Now that you have filled out the application form, the next step is to proceed with paying the passport fees.

Paying the Passport Fees

After filling out the application form for renewing your Canadian passport from the US, the next step is to pay the necessary passport fees. The fee structure may vary depending on factors such as the type of passport you are applying for and the method of application submission. Here’s what you need to know:

• Refer to the official website of the Government of Canada’s passport services to determine the current fee for passport renewal from the US.
• Ensure that you have a valid method of payment, such as a credit card or a certified check, to cover the passport fees.
• If you are applying online, you will be prompted to pay the fees during the digital application process. Follow the instructions provided and complete the payment securely.
• If you are applying by mail, include the payment in the form of a certified check or money order made payable to the “Receiver General for Canada.” Place it inside a sealed envelope and include it with your application package.

It is important to note that the passport fees are non-refundable, even if your application is denied or withdrawn. Additionally, if you choose to pay by credit card, there may be additional processing fees associated with the transaction.

Ensure that you have included the correct payment amount and have followed the payment instructions provided by the Government of Canada to avoid any delays or complications with your passport renewal application.

Once you have successfully paid the passport fees, the next step is to submit the completed application package. We’ll discuss the submission process in the following section.

Submitting the Application

After completing the application form and paying the necessary fees, the next step in renewing your Canadian passport from the US is to submit your application package. Here’s what you need to do:

• If you are applying online, follow the instructions provided on the Government of Canada’s passport services website to submit your application electronically. Upload the required documents, including your signed application form and passport photos, in the specified format.
• If you are applying by mail, ensure that you have included all the necessary documents, including the completed application form, your most recent Canadian passport, passport photos, proof of Canadian citizenship, proof of residency, legal documents (if applicable), and the sealed envelope containing the payment.
• Place all the documents in a secure envelope to protect them during transit.
• Address the envelope to the appropriate processing center for Canadian passport applications from the US. The address can be found on the Government of Canada’s passport services website.
• Consider using a trackable mailing service to ensure that your application can be traced and delivered securely.

It is important to keep a copy of your application form, supporting documents, and payment receipt for your records. This will come in handy if you need to reference any information while your passport renewal application is being processed.

Once you have submitted your application package, it will be reviewed by the Government of Canada’s passport services. The processing times may vary, so it is recommended to check the status of your application periodically. We’ll discuss the tracking process in the next section.

Now that you have submitted your application, all that’s left to do is track its progress and wait for your new Canadian passport to arrive. We’ll cover these aspects in the following sections.

Tracking the Application

Once you have submitted your application for renewing your Canadian passport from the US, you can track its progress to stay informed about the status of your application. Here’s how you can track your application:

• Locate the tracking tool or system provided by the passport services. This tool is designed to help applicants track the progress of their applications.
• Enter the tracking number or reference number provided to you when you submitted your application. This number is unique to your application and serves as an identifier.
• Follow the instructions provided on the tracking tool or system to view the status of your application. It will typically provide information on whether your application is being processed, whether additional documents are required, or if your new passport has been issued and dispatched.

It is important to note that the processing times for passport renewal applications can vary. Factors such as the volume of applications and the time of year may affect the processing duration. Be patient, and check the tracking tool regularly for updates on your application status.

If you have any concerns or questions about the status of your application, you can contact the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate in the United States for assistance. They will be able to provide you with additional information and guidance regarding your specific situation.

Now that you know how to track your application, let’s move on to the final section, where we discuss receiving your new Canadian passport.

Receiving the New Canadian Passport

After submitting your application and tracking its progress, the final step in renewing your Canadian passport from the US is receiving your new passport. Here’s what you need to know about receiving your new passport:

• Once your application is processed and your new passport is approved, it will be mailed to the address you provided in your application. Ensure that the address is accurate and up to date.
• The delivery time for your new passport may vary. It is recommended to refer to the tracking tool or system provided by the Government of Canada’s passport services to get an estimated delivery date.
• When your new passport arrives, make sure to check the envelope for any signs of tampering or damage.
• Open the envelope and carefully remove your new Canadian passport.
• Review the information in your new passport to ensure that it is accurate and matches the details provided in your application.
• Sign your new passport in the designated area before using it for travel.

Keep your new Canadian passport in a safe place, as it is a valuable and important document. It is recommended to make a photocopy of the information page of your passport and store it separately from the original to assist you in case of loss or theft.

Remember that your new passport is valid for a specific period. Check the expiration date and be aware of any visa or entry requirements for the countries you plan to visit. It is advisable to renew your passport well in advance of its expiry date to avoid any travel disruptions.

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the process of renewing your Canadian passport from the US. Your new passport will allow you to travel internationally with ease and serve as proof of your Canadian citizenship.

Should you require any further information or assistance, do not hesitate to reach out to the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate. They are there to help you with any passport-related queries or concerns.

Thank you for following this guide, and we wish you safe travels with your new Canadian passport!

Renewing your Canadian passport from the US is a vital process for Canadians residing in the United States. It ensures that you have a valid travel document and identification, allowing you to navigate international borders with ease. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can successfully renew your Canadian passport and maintain your connection to your homeland.

Throughout the renewal process, it is important to meet the eligibility requirements, gather the necessary documents, fill out the application form accurately, and pay the passport fees promptly. Additionally, tracking the progress of your application and receiving your new Canadian passport are crucial final steps to ensure you have the necessary travel documentation.

Remember to keep your new Canadian passport safe and to be mindful of its expiration date. Renewing your passport well in advance of its expiry will prevent any travel disruptions and ensure that you can continue to explore the world as a Canadian citizen.

Should you have any questions or need further clarification about the passport renewal process from the US, don’t hesitate to contact the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate. They are equipped to provide valuable guidance and assistance.

Renewing your Canadian passport from the US is a straightforward and convenient process. By following the steps outlined in this guide and staying organized throughout the application process, you can successfully renew your passport and continue to enjoy the benefits of Canadian citizenship.

Thank you for reading this comprehensive guide, and we wish you smooth travels and wonderful experiences with your renewed Canadian passport!

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