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The Journey Summary & Analysis by Mary Oliver

• Line-by-Line Explanation & Analysis
• Poetic Devices
• Vocabulary & References
• Form, Meter, & Rhyme Scheme
• Line-by-Line Explanations

Mary Oliver's "The Journey" first appeared in her 1963 collection No Voyage and Other Poems . The poem is about the importance of taking charge of one's own life and leaving behind negative influences. Despite being one of Oliver's more personal poems, and including references to real events in Oliver's life, many readers will identity with its themes of self-reliance and integrity. This has helped to secure its place as one of the most popular poems from one of America's most popular poets.

• Read the full text of “The Journey”

The Full Text of “The Journey”

“the journey” summary, “the journey” themes.

The Importance of Self-Reliance

Line-by-line explanation & analysis of “the journey”.

One day you ... ... bad advice —

though the whole ... ... at your ankles.

Lines 10-13

"Mend my life!" ... ... had to do,

Lines 14-18

though the wind ... ... was terrible.

Lines 19-22

It was already ... ... branches and stones.

Lines 23-26

But little by ... ... sheets of clouds,

Lines 27-29

and there was ... ... as your own,

Lines 30-32

that kept you ... ... into the world,

Lines 33-36

determined to do ... ... you could save.

“The Journey” Symbols

• Lines 6-7: “though the whole house / began to tremble”
• Lines 14-16: “though the wind pried / with its stiff fingers / at the very foundations,”

• Lines 25-26: “the stars began to burn / through the sheets of clouds,”

“The Journey” Poetic Devices & Figurative Language

• Lines 3-4: “though the voices around you / kept shouting”
• Lines 14-15: “though the wind pried / with its stiff fingers”
• Lines 17-18: “though their melancholy / was terrible.”
• Line 33: “determined to do”
• Line 35: “determined to save”

Extended Metaphor

• Lines 19-26: “It was already late / enough, and a wild night, / and the road full of fallen / branches and stones. / But little by little, / as you left their voice behind, / the stars began to burn / through the sheets of clouds,”
• Lines 31-32: “as you strode deeper and deeper / into the world,”

Personification

• Lines 1-2: “knew / what”
• Lines 3-4: “you / kept”
• Lines 4-5: “shouting / their”
• Lines 6-7: “house / began”
• Lines 7-8: “tremble / and”
• Lines 8-9: “tug / at”
• Lines 14-15: “pried / with”
• Lines 15-16: “fingers / at”
• Lines 17-18: “melancholy / was”
• Lines 19-20: “late / enough”
• Lines 21-22: “fallen / branches”
• Lines 25-26: “burn / through”
• Lines 27-28: “voice / which”
• Lines 28-29: “slowly / recognized”
• Lines 30-31: “company / as”
• Lines 31-32: “deeper / into”
• Lines 33-34: “do / the”
• Lines 35-36: “save / the”
• Lines 1-2: “you finally knew / what you had to do”
• Line 13: “You knew what you had to do”
• Line 23: “little by little”
• Line 31: “deeper and deeper”
• Lines 35-36: “to save / the only life that you could save.”
• Line 1: “One,” “finally,” “knew”
• Line 6: “whole,” “house”
• Line 7: “to,” “tremble”
• Line 8: “felt,” “tug”
• Line 9: “at”
• Line 15: “stiff,” “fingers”
• Line 16: “foundations”
• Line 17: “melancholy”
• Line 18: “terrible”
• Line 19: “already,” “late”
• Line 20: “wild”
• Line 21: “full,” “fallen”
• Line 22: “stones”
• Line 23: “little,” “little”
• Line 24: “behind”
• Line 25: “began,” “burn”
• Line 30: “kept,” “company”
• Line 31: “deeper,” “deeper”
• Line 33: “determined,” “do”
• Line 34: “do”
• Line 35: “determined”

Alliteration

• Line 15: “fingers”
• Line 22: “branches”
• Line 23: “But”
• Line 1: “knew”
• Line 2: “you,” “do”
• Line 3: “you”
• Line 10: “life”
• Line 11: “cried”
• Line 13: “knew,” “you,” “do”
• Line 14: “wind”
• Line 15: “with,” “its,” “stiff,” “fingers”
• Line 20: “wild,” “night”
• Line 28: “slowly”
• Line 29: “own”
• Line 31: “strode”

“The Journey” Vocabulary

Select any word below to get its definition in the context of the poem. The words are listed in the order in which they appear in the poem.

• (Location in poem: Lines 10-11: “"Mend my life!" / each voice cried.”)

Form, Meter, & Rhyme Scheme of “The Journey”

Rhyme scheme, “the journey” speaker, “the journey” setting, literary and historical context of “the journey”, more “the journey” resources, external resources.

The Poem Out Loud — Listen to a recording of Oliver reading "The Journey."

Oliver's Life and Work — Learn more about Oliver in this biography from the Poetry Foundation.

The Summer Day — Another of Oliver's best known poems, which similarly touches on the theme of taking charge of one's own life and happiness.

Mary Oliver and Amazement — An article by Rachel Syme about Oliver's legacy for the New Yorker.

Oliver's Obituary — Read Oliver's 2019 obituary in The Washington Post.

LitCharts on Other Poems by Mary Oliver

Good-Bye Fox

The Black Walnut Tree

The Summer Day

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“The Journey” by Mary Oliver: A Complete Analysis

March 8, 2024 | by poemread.com

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a beacon of inspiration for those standing at the crossroads of change. It’s a poem that speaks to the soul’s deepest yearning for freedom and self-discovery. In this analysis, we’ll delve into the essence of Oliver’s work, exploring the subject, context, theme, tone, and structure that make “The Journey” a masterpiece of modern poetry.

About the Author

The context of ‘the journey’, the theme of “the journey” by mary oliver, the tone of the poem, the form and structure of the poem, line-by-line analysis.

• Poetic and Literary Devices in "The Journey"

Interactive Summary of “The Journey”

Mary Oliver, born on September 10, 1935, in Maple Heights, Ohio, was a poet celebrated for her profound connection to the natural world and her ability to capture its essence with clarity and simplicity. Growing up in semi-rural Ohio, Oliver found solace in nature from a young age, which would become a central theme in her poetry.

Despite facing personal challenges, she turned to writing as a means of coping and self-expression, beginning her poetic journey at just 14 years old. Oliver’s literary career blossomed with the publication of her first collection, “No Voyage and Other Poems,” in 1963, paving the way for a series of acclaimed works that earned her numerous accolades, including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1984 for “American Primitive.”

Throughout her career, Oliver’s poetry remained rooted in her love for nature, exploring themes of life, death, and the human experience with profound insight and accessibility. Though she passed away on January 17, 2019, her legacy lives on through her timeless poetry, which continues to inspire and resonate with readers worldwide, offering solace and guidance on life’s journey.

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is more than just a poem; it’s a reflection of a pivotal moment in the author’s life, as well as a universal call to self-reliance and integrity. First appearing in her 1963 collection “No Voyage and Other Poems,” this piece stands out as one of Oliver’s more personal works, weaving in threads of her own experiences with broader, relatable themes.

A Personal Undertone

The poem’s context is deeply rooted in Oliver’s own narrative. It speaks to the importance of taking charge of one’s life, a theme that resonates with the poet’s personal journey of overcoming negative influences and finding her own voice. The authenticity of the poem is heightened by its references to real events in Oliver’s life, making it a testament to the power of personal transformation.

A Universal Appeal

While “The Journey” is intimate in its origins, its message extends far beyond the personal. It taps into the collective experience of facing life’s challenges and the courage required to step away from the familiar and venture into the unknown. The poem encapsulates the struggle between the comfort of conformity and the daunting, yet rewarding, path of individuality.

The Metaphorical Path

Oliver uses the metaphor of a journey not just as a physical voyage but as an emotional and psychological expedition. The poem captures the tumultuous process of leaving behind an “unhealthy life” to embark on a new, more authentic existence. It’s about the critical juncture where one decides to listen to their inner voice, despite the cacophony of external pressures and expectations.

The Voice of Change

As the poem progresses, the transformation becomes evident. The initial chaos and struggle give way to a sense of purpose and clarity. The “new voice” that emerges is a symbol of self-discovery and empowerment, guiding the protagonist—and, by extension, the reader—towards a life that is truly their own.

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a profound exploration of self-discovery and the courage to embrace change. The poem’s central theme revolves around the importance of self-reliance and integrity, urging readers to take charge of their own lives and leave behind negative influences.

Self-Reliance as a Beacon

The theme of self-reliance is the poem’s guiding light. It illuminates the path to personal freedom and authenticity. Oliver’s words encourage us to listen to our inner voice, even when it leads us away from the comfort of the known and into the wilderness of the self.

Integrity Amidst the Noise

Integrity is another cornerstone of the poem. It’s about staying true to oneself in a world that often demands conformity. The poem depicts the struggle of the individual against the cacophony of external pressures and the triumph of personal conviction over collective expectations.

The Journey of Change

Change is an inevitable part of life, and Oliver’s poem embraces this reality. It speaks to the transformative power of taking bold steps towards a new life, even when the path is fraught with obstacles and uncertainty.

Renewal and Strength

Renewal and strength emerge as sub-themes, particularly towards the poem’s conclusion. As the protagonist strides deeper into the world, there’s a sense of rejuvenation and the dawning of a new chapter. This represents the inner strength required to forge one’s own path and the optimism that accompanies such a journey.

The tone of Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a complex interplay of encouragement and solemnity, reflecting the poem’s deep exploration of personal growth and self-discovery. It begins with a sense of urgency and seriousness as the speaker recognizes the need for change. The “voices” of doubt and discouragement that the person must overcome emphasize this seriousness by adding a layer of tension and conflict to the poem’s opening lines.

As the poem progresses, the tone shifts to one of resilience and hope. Despite the challenges and “the wind pried with its stiff fingers at the very foundations,” there is a sense of determination and strength that begins to emerge. The speaker’s journey is fraught with obstacles, yet there is an underlying current of optimism that propels them forward.

The culmination of the poem has a tone of triumph and liberation. The “new voice” that the speaker hears and recognizes as their own signifies a breakthrough, a moment of clarity, and empowerment. The stars burning “through the sheets of clouds” serve as a metaphor for this newfound enlightenment and freedom.

Throughout “The Journey,” Oliver masterfully uses tone to convey the emotional landscape of the speaker’s journey. It has a tone that resonates with many readers, as it captures the universal experience of overcoming adversity to find one’s true self. The poem’s tone, therefore, is not just a reflection of the speaker’s internal state but also an invitation to the reader to embark on their own journey of self-discovery.

The form and structure of Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” are integral to its impact as a work of poetry. The poem is composed in free verse, which means it doesn’t adhere to traditional patterns of meter or rhyme. This choice reflects the poem’s theme of breaking free from the constraints of the past and embarking on a new path.

The poem’s form is fluid, with lines that vary in length and create a sense of natural speech. This mirrors the journey’s unpredictable nature, where there is no set pattern to follow, and each step is taken based on instinct and necessity rather than predetermined rules.

“The Journey” is structured as a single, unbroken stanza of thirty-six lines. This uninterrupted flow of text represents the continuous movement forward that the speaker experiences. The lack of stanza breaks also suggests that the journey is a singular, transformative experience that cannot be segmented or paused.

Line Breaks

Oliver uses line breaks strategically to emphasize key moments and to control the poem’s rhythm. These breaks can signify a pause for reflection, or a breath taken in the midst of a revelation. They guide the reader through the emotional landscape of the poem, creating a pace that mirrors the speaker’s internal journey.

Punctuation

The minimal use of punctuation in “The Journey” contributes to the poem’s sense of urgency and immediacy. By forgoing the typical constraints of punctuation, Oliver allows the reader to move more freely through the text, experiencing the poem’s momentum and the speaker’s determination to forge ahead.

While “The Journey” largely eschews a regular rhyme scheme, Oliver does incorporate moments of half or slant rhyme as well as occasional full rhymes. These instances provide a subtle rhythmic unity without confining the poem to a strict pattern. They serve as reminders of the poem’s literary craft, even as it celebrates the freedom of form and content.

As for the meter, “The Journey” does not follow a strict metrical structure. This is typical of free-verse poetry. They often prioritize the natural cadence of speech over a regular metrical pattern. The lack of a fixed meter allows the poem to mirror the ebb and flow of the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. This contributes to the narrative’s authenticity and immediacy.

In summary, the form and structure of “The Journey” are carefully crafted to reflect the poem’s central themes. The free verse form, the single stanza structure, the strategic line breaks, the minimal punctuation, and the occasional rhymes all work together to create a poem that is as much about the journey of reading as it is about the journey it describes.

Line 1-2: “One day you finally knew / what you had to do, and began,”

Here, Oliver sets the stage for the protagonist’s journey towards self-realization. The use of “you” makes the poem immediately relatable, inviting readers to step into the shoes of the protagonist as they embark on their own quest for clarity and purpose.

Line 3-5: “though the voices around you / kept shouting / their bad advice —”

These lines illustrate the external pressures and distractions that often hinder personal growth. The “voices” represent societal expectations and influences, urging the protagonist to conform to conventional norms rather than follow their true calling.

“Shouting” emphasizes the persistence and intrusiveness of these outside pressures. The advice is labeled “bad” because it conflicts with the speaker’s newfound understanding and the journey they must undertake.

Line 6-7: “though the whole house / began to tremble”

The “house” likely represents the speaker’s life or the environment they are familiar with. It’s a metaphor for the established order that is now being questioned. Furthermore, the trembling house serves as a metaphor for the upheaval caused by the protagonist’s decision to break free from societal constraints. It symbolizes the resistance and chaos that accompany moments of radical change.

Line 8-9: “and you felt the old tug / at your ankles.”

This line conveys the resistance to change, the pull of past habits, and the comfort of the known, which attempts to keep the speaker from moving forward. Additionally, the specificity of “ankles” implies a force that tries to hold the speaker down, preventing them from taking steps towards their journey.

Line 10-11: “‘Mend my life!’ / each voice cried.”

The repetition of “Mend my life!” emphasizes the desperation of the voices clamoring for attention. It highlights the protagonist’s struggle to reconcile their own desires with the demands of others, echoing the universal conflict between self-care and external obligations. The collective nature of the “voices” underscores the overwhelming nature of the demands and expectations placed upon the speaker.

Line 12-13: “But you didn’t stop. / You knew what you had to do,”

These lines convey the protagonist’s resolute determination to follow their own path, despite the cacophony of conflicting voices. It underscores the importance of inner conviction and self-assurance in the face of adversity.

Line 14-15: “though the wind pried / with its stiff fingers”

The personification of the wind, “prying with its stiff fingers,” evokes a sense of relentless pressure and resistance. It symbolizes the external forces that seek to deter the protagonist from their chosen course, yet ultimately fail to sway their resolve.

Line 16-18: “at the very foundations, / though their melancholy / was terrible.”

The foundations represent the most fundamental aspects of the speaker’s life. The wind’s prying suggests that the journey is shaking the speaker to their core, challenging their most deeply held beliefs or sense of security. Then, the melancholy likely refers to the voices or the emotional atmosphere surrounding the speaker.

It’s a collective sadness that weighs heavily on the speaker, adding emotional depth to the physical struggle. Additionally, the word “terrible” conveys the intensity of the emotional struggle. It’s not just passing sadness, but a powerful sense of despair that the speaker must overcome.

Line 19-20: “It was already late / enough, and a wild night,”

These lines convey a sense of urgency and peril as the protagonist confronts the daunting task of self-discovery amidst the darkness of uncertainty. The “wild night” serves as a metaphor for the difficult journey ahead, filled with obstacles and unknown dangers.

Line 21-22: “and the road full of fallen / branches and stones.”

The imagery of the road strewn with obstacles—fallen branches and stones—underscores the challenges inherent in forging a new path. It symbolizes the difficulties and setbacks that accompany personal growth, yet it also hints at the potential for transformation and renewal.

Line 23-24: “But little by little, / as you left their voice behind,”

Here, Oliver captures the gradual process of shedding external influences and embracing inner clarity. The protagonist begins to distance themselves from the voices of doubt and conformity, moving closer towards self-realization with each step.

Line 25-26: “the stars began to burn / through the sheets of clouds,”

This line heralds a shift in perspective, as the stars piercing through the clouds symbolize moments of illumination and insight. It suggests that clarity emerges from the darkness, guiding the protagonist towards a deeper understanding of their own truth.

Moreover, clouds often represent confusion or obstacles. The stars’ ability to shine through the clouds suggests that the speaker’s newfound clarity is powerful enough to overcome any remaining uncertainty or barriers.

Line 27-29: “and there was a new voice / which you slowly / recognized as your own,”

The emergence of a new voice represents the speaker’s own thoughts and desires becoming clearer and more influential as they progress on their journey. The adverb “slowly” reinforces the gradual nature of the speaker’s transformation and the careful attention they are paying to this emerging sense of self.

Furthermore, recognition of the voice as their own signifies a moment of self-realization and acceptance, a critical step in the journey towards autonomy and authenticity. Overall, these lines signify the protagonist’s transition from uncertainty to confidence as they embrace their authentic identity and purpose.

Lines 30-31: “that kept you company / as you strode deeper and deeper”

This line conveys a sense of companionship and reassurance, as the newfound inner voice accompanies the protagonist on their journey of self-exploration. It suggests a growing sense of self-assurance and resilience in the face of adversity.

Line 32-33: “into the world, / determined to do”

The protagonist’s determination to venture “deeper and deeper into the world” reflects their commitment to fully engage with life’s challenges and opportunities. It underscores their resolve to pursue their own path with courage and conviction.

Line 34-35: “the only thing you could do — / determined to save”

In these final lines, Oliver encapsulates the essence of the protagonist’s journey: the unwavering commitment to save themselves. It emphasizes the importance of self-care and self-preservation, reminding readers that true salvation begins with honoring one’s own needs and aspirations.

Line 36- “the only life that you could save .”  

The poem concludes with a powerful statement of self-preservation and empowerment. The speaker recognizes that the most important life they can save is their own, emphasizing the ultimate responsibility each person has for their own happiness and destiny.

Check this video of Chris Thile, reciting the poem “The Journey.”

Poetic and Literary Devices in “The Journey”

1. Metaphor: Throughout the poem, Mary Oliver employs metaphorical language to convey deeper meanings. The journey described in the poem serves as a metaphor for personal growth and self-discovery, symbolizing the protagonist’s transformative experience.

2. Personification: Oliver personifies abstract concepts such as “the voices” and “the wind,” giving them human-like qualities. This literary device adds depth to the poem by making these elements feel more tangible and relatable to the reader.

3. Imagery: Vivid imagery is used to paint a picture of the protagonist’s inner and outer landscape. The descriptions of the trembling house, the wind prying with its stiff fingers, and the road full of fallen branches and stones evoke a sense of turmoil and uncertainty, mirroring the protagonist’s internal struggles.

4. Repetition: The repetition of the phrase “Mend my life!” emphasizes the persistence of external pressures and the protagonist’s resolve to overcome them. This repetition adds rhythm and emphasis to the poem, reinforcing its central themes.

5. Symbolism: Various symbols are employed throughout the poem to convey deeper meanings. For example, the stars burning through the clouds symbolize moments of clarity and insight, while the protagonist’s recognition of their own voice represents a newfound sense of self-awareness and empowerment.

6. Enjambment: Oliver utilizes enjambment, or the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, to create a sense of flow and momentum in the poem. This technique adds to the fluidity of the narrative, allowing the reader to experience the journey alongside the protagonist in real-time.

7. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds, such as in the phrase “though the wind pried with its stiff fingers,” creates a sense of rhythm and musicality in the poem. This use of alliteration adds to the overall texture and aesthetic appeal of the writing.

“ The Journey ” by Mary Oliver is a compelling poem that narrates the emotional and mental challenges one faces when deciding to leave behind an unhealthy life and start anew. The speaker, using second-person narration, invites the reader to step into the shoes of someone who has reached a pivotal moment in their life, recognizing the need for change. Despite the clamor of voices urging a return to the past, the individual persists, braving an uneven path toward a new existence.

As the poem unfolds, it’s revealed that the journey is fraught with obstacles, symbolized by the wind, a wild night, and a road scattered with debris. Yet, the traveler perseveres, gradually distancing themselves from the voices of the past and drawing strength from within. A new voice emerges, one that the traveler slowly recognizes as their own, providing companionship and guidance as they delve deeper into uncharted territory.

The poem concludes with a powerful realization: the only life a traveler can save is their own. This epiphany encapsulates the themes of self-reliance, strength, and renewal that are woven throughout the narrative.

The structure of the poem, free from rigid rhyme schemes, mirrors the theme of liberation, while the use of poetic devices like metaphor, enjambment, and imagery enriches the text with rhythmic unity and emotional depth.

In essence, “The Journey” is a testament to the transformative power of self-discovery and the indomitable human spirit’s ability to overcome adversity and chart a new course.

If you’re curious about Mary Oliver’s poetry , don’t miss her acclaimed work “Wild Geese,” which beautifully captures the essence of nature and humanity.

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A Summary and Analysis of Mary Oliver’s ‘The Journey’

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

‘The Journey’ is a poem by the American poet Mary Oliver (1935-2019), a poet who has perhaps not received as much attention from critics as she deserves. It’s been estimated that she was the bestselling poet in the United States at the time of her death, so a few words of analysis about some of her best-known poems seem appropriate. ‘The Journey’ is a poem about someone who leaves behind their old life and embarks on a journey towards a new one.

The poem is about the day when someone (addressed as ‘you’ by the poem’s speaker) realised what they had to do, and started to do it, even though there were many people around them who were trying to dissuade the person from doing it.

It seemed that the whole house shook with the import of this person’s decision. Voices cried throughout their house, demanding that this person fix their lives for them. But that person, the person to whom the poem is addressed, didn’t stop doing what they had decided to do, and carried on nonetheless.

This person knew what they had to do, even though the wind seemed to try to uproot the very foundations of the person’s existence, like someone tearing a house from the ground. Many of the people who had demanded that the person addressed in the poem ‘mend’ their life for them experienced terrible sadness at the person’s decision.

It was already late, so the person knew they couldn’t delay any longer, and the road ahead was already strewn with obstacles. But gradually, as the person left the voices of those people behind them, they began to see the stars shining through the clouds, and a new voice – which they came to realise was their own – spoke reassuringly to the person as they made their way deeper into the world.

This person was determined to do the only thing they could: to save themselves.

How should be analyse, or categorise, ‘The Journey’? We could interpret this symbolic and open-ended poem as about a mid-life crisis (it is ‘already late’, remember: suggesting that the person addressed is not in the first flush of youth), and more specifically, as a poem about a woman, a wife and perhaps even a mother, leaving behind the selfish needs of others and seeking self-determination and, indeed, self-salvation.

We say ‘woman’ not just because the poet, Mary Oliver, was herself female and often wrote about women’s lives, including her own; but because those ‘voices’ which demand that the person in the poem ‘mend’ their lives are immediately interpreted, or decoded, in our minds as children’s voices (and perhaps a husband’s, too).

And yet perhaps it would be a mistake to limit the poem in such a way, and suggest it is about a dissatisfied wife and mother who has lost her sense of identity as she has put others first ahead of herself for many years. ‘Mother’, in particular, brings problems given the actions of the person in the poem (of which more below), but even identifying the person as a woman restricts its broader message.

And in this connection, it is worth noting that Oliver’s mode in this poem – having a genderless speaker address a genderless ‘you’ through use of the second-person mode of address – keeps us in the dark about the identities, and genders, of both speaker and addressee.

What we can say, however, is that there is every reason to think that speaker and addressee, whichever gender they might be, are the same person: the speaker is addressing herself, following her long journey towards self-discovery (or rediscovery). This analysis of the poem makes sense when we bear in mind the moment when the speaker tells us that this journeywoman (or man) stopped hearing the selfish voices of those she’d (or he’d) left behind and instead heard his (or her) own voice. The poem, then, is an extension of this dialogue: the journeyperson speaking to themselves following their journey (back) towards themselves.

In the last analysis, then, ‘The Journey’ is a poem about leaving one’s past behind and rediscovering one’s own self, who one really is. And yet if we assume that the speaker/addressee is an adult (in the middle of their life) and the voices they leave behind include those of their children, are we meant to embrace this, or wonder whether such an act of abnegation of one’s duties in the quest for self-discovery is a step too far?

Perhaps this is where assumptions about the figure in the poem turn on whether we see them as a frustrated parent walking out on their family duties or, for instance, someone who has merely quit their job and escaped form an oppressive relationship, breaking out on their own.

Put simply, then, ‘The Journey’ is a poem whose message, whilst clear enough, raises some interesting questions. Is it always right to give up on one’s responsibilities to others when we feel they are holding us back? Does it depend on whether they are literally dependent on us, or merely exploiting us, and refusing to give anything back (that one-way ‘mend my life!’ is revealing, certainly, and perhaps is easier to attribute to a selfish partner than to young children, whose lives don’t need ‘mending’ but rather shaping or directing).

‘The Journey’ comprises one single stanza composed in free verse . Oliver’s use of free verse – no regular rhyme scheme, rhythm or metre, and irregular line lengths – mirrors the journey undertaken by the person in the poem, who is uncertain where their quest of self-discovery will lead, and whose undertaking of such a journey is beset by initial doubts and obstacles.

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The Journey (Mary Oliver poem)

By mary oliver, the journey (mary oliver poem) analysis.

These notes were contributed by members of the GradeSaver community. We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make your own.

Written by Timothy Sexton

Mary Oliver ’s poem “The Journey” is an exercise in pure symbolism in which nothing is intended to be interpreted literally even it is a composed in a way that allows everything to be interpreted literally. That this is true is evidenced by the sheer volume of commentary which presents analysis of certain individual elements of the poem as literal components within what is otherwise recognized as being highly symbolic.

For instance, one can easily find critical analysis of the poem which recognizes that the trembling house is a metaphor for the self while insisting the “you” the speaker addresses exists as a literal entity separate from the speaker. Likewise, others have analyzed the poem and arrived at the conclusion that the reference to voices shouting bad advice implies that it is literally about escaping a house polluted by a toxic environment of family or friends. For some inexplicable reason, many people reading this poem want to apply a literal quality to parts of it and symbolic one to the rest when the logical conclusion is that everything is symbolic.

This relentless symbolism begins with the opening line’s address by the speaker to an unidentified “you” which is often interpreted as being directed to the reader. This view actually does make some sense because the author has a history of directly addressing her readers as “you.” The subsequent focus on the hearing voices that culminates with the “you” hearing a new voice that is recognized as their own inevitably leads to just one rational interpretation, however: the speaker is that new voice talking to herself in a positive way that has replaced the old interior voices spouting negativity. This is not a poem about two people. It features only one character and the speaker and the “you” are that character.

Which means, by definition, there is no actual house with the toxic presence of actual people offering bad advice. The journey is not a literal escape from a bad environment, but a symbolic escape from the darkness of the self. One can certainly feel free in applying this aspect of the poem more broadly as commentary on the potential of escaping the unhealthy influences of others and there is nothing wrong with that, but it is not a logical conclusion to make about the content of the poem itself.

If one recognizes that the house is a metaphor for “you” then it only logically follows that the road covered with debris must also be a symbolic one. And if there is not house from which it possible to escape the voices—and yet the voices are left behind—then it fails to make any sense that the voices are literally coming from other people. In other words, while any given aspect of the poem could be interpreted literally, to do so undermines the entire purpose of everything else being symbolic. Either everything in this poem is literal or everything is symbolic. While the poem makes complete sense if everything is symbolic, it borders on absurdity if everything is taken literally.

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The Journey (Mary Oliver poem) Questions and Answers

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Study Guide for The Journey (Mary Oliver poem)

The Journey (Mary Oliver poem) study guide contains a biography of Mary Oliver, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About The Journey (Mary Oliver poem)
• The Journey (Mary Oliver poem) Summary
• Character List