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Advisory on COVID-19 for Travellers and Tourism Businesses

13 February 2023

General Advisory for Travellers

1. Singapore is open to all travellers without quarantine. This includes non-fully vaccinated travellers. Covid-19 pre-departure tests are not required. More details are available  here. 2. Depending on the destination you are travelling from, mask-wearing aboard flights and ferries to Singapore may be required. Travellers are advised to check with the respective transport operator on the mask-wearing requirement prior to their trip.

3. Singapore has stepped down all COVID-19 measures and mask wearing is not required except in healthcare settings. However, do practise good personal hygiene and wear a mask if you are unwell.

USEFUL LINKS

For MOH's latest measures, please click here.

For MOM's latest advisories, please click here.

For SFA's requirement for food handlers

For ESG's latest SMMs, please click  here .

About the Organisation

What industry does your organization fall within, what best describes the key intent of the project that your organisation is seeking funding for, is your organisation a singapore-registered legal entity, is your organisation an association, is the project able to achieve one or more of the following outcome.

• Increase no. of sailings to/from Singapore
• Increase no. of foreign cruise passengers to Singapore through sailings to/from Singapore
• Increase no. of pre/post nights for cruise passengers sailing to/from Singapore
• Increase capability of industry players via cruise-specific industry training programmes
• Strengthen the potential/ attractiveness of cruising in Singapore and/or Southeast Asia

Is the project able to achieve one or more of the following?

• Improve visitor satisfaction (especially foreign visitors)
• Increase footfall
• Increase revenue
• Significant branding and PR value

Is the project able to attract foreign visitors and contribute to foreign visitors' spend?

Who will be the main target audience of your project, is your project innovative and/or a new event in singapore with tourism potential, what best describes your project, does the event have proven track records in singapore or overseas, and/or growth in tourism value such as growing foreign visitorship, and/or enhancement of precinct vibrancy etc, does the project have a clear tourism focus (e.g. tourism-related trainings, tourism companies taking on capability development initiatives or technology companies creating technology products and services for the tourism businesses), what best describes your market feasibility study project.

Based on your selection, the following STB grant/s may be applicable for your project:

Please note that projects that have commenced prior to Singapore Tourism Board's offer may not be eligible for grant support. Examples where projects are deemed as having commenced include:

• Applicant has started work on the project e.g. tender has been called.
• Applicant has made payment(s) to any supplier, vendor or third party.
• Applicant has signed a contractual agreement with any supplier, vendor or third party.

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Singapore Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

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After Your Trip

Be aware of current health issues in Singapore. Learn how to protect yourself.

Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions

• Updated   Global Dengue August 14, 2024 Dengue is a year-round risk in many parts of the world, with outbreaks commonly occurring every 2–5 years. Travelers to risk areas should prevent mosquito bites. Destination List: Afghanistan, and Austral Islands (Tubuai and Rurutu), and Bora-Bora), Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, including the Galápagos Islands, El Salvador, French Guiana (France), French Polynesia, including the island groups of Society Islands (Tahiti, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Iran, Laos, Mali, Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa and Ua Huka), Mauritius, Mexico, Moorea, Panama, Samoa, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uruguay

⇧ Top

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Singapore.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, are immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Singapore. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Singapore.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Dogs infected with rabies are not commonly found in Singapore.

If rabies exposures occur while in Singapore, rabies vaccines are typically available throughout most of the country.

Rabies pre-exposure vaccination considerations include whether travelers 1) will be performing occupational or recreational activities that increase risk for exposure to potentially rabid animals and 2) might have difficulty getting prompt access to safe post-exposure prophylaxis.

Please consult with a healthcare provider to determine whether you should receive pre-exposure vaccination before travel.

For more information, see country rabies status assessments .

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Required for travelers ≥1 year old arriving from countries with risk for YF virus transmission; this includes >12-hour airport transits or layovers in countries with risk for YF virus transmission. 1

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil
• Avoid floodwater

Clinical Guidance

Avoid bug bites.

Chikungunya

• Mosquito bite
• Avoid Bug Bites
• Mosquito bite
• An infected pregnant woman can spread it to her unborn baby

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Singapore, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the  Department of State Country Information Pages  for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Although Singapore is an industrialized country, bug bites here can still spread diseases. Just as you would in the United States, try to avoid bug bites while spending time outside or in wooded areas.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Consider using permethrin-treated clothing and gear if spending a lot of time outside. Do not use permethrin directly on skin.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Singapore include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip:

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in the heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if you are driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately.  Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance for things your regular insurance will not cover.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medicines you take.
• Bring copies of your prescriptions for medicine and for eye glasses and contact lenses.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Singapore’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Make sure there are seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Singapore, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Traffic flows on the left side of the road in Singapore.

• Always pay close attention to the flow of traffic, especially when crossing the street.
• LOOK RIGHT for approaching traffic.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Singapore for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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Remember: Be Informed, Be Prepared, Travel Safe!

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for conducting and managing diplomatic relations between Singapore and other countries and regions.

I grew up in Singapore and have lived here all my life — here's my complete guide to visiting the island-state

• Growing up in Singapore, I experienced a melting pot of cultures, languages, and experiences.
• Here's my ultimate guide to everything to do, see, and try while visiting the unique island-state.
• Visit Insider's hub for travel guides, tips, and recommendations .

Before memes were a thing, there was a visual that floated around Singapore's digital space for a while. It read: "Dey, wǒ men paktor always makan at kopitiam one," which translates to "Hey, when we go on a date, we always eat at the coffee shop." If you're struggling to make sense of the original sentence, that's because it's pure Singlish — a unique blend of the languages and dialects spoken in Singapore. The same visual breaks it down: "dey" is Tamil; "wǒ men" is the Hanyu Pinyin for "我们, aka "we"; "paktor" is Cantonese; "makan" and "kopi" are Malay; and "tiam" is Hokkien/Hakka. That sums up Singapore and the experiences you can expect when you visit this unique island state.

I was born and grew up in Singapore, and have lived here all my life in various areas, from the heartlands of Toa Payoh to the country's only legal red-light district of Geylang. I've also spent many years of my professional life being a lifestyle writer dedicated to uncovering things to see, eat, and do in Singapore.

With four official languages and locals and transplants alike speaking many more, Singapore is a vibrant melting pot of culture. Growing up here as the product of a cross-cultural marriage, I celebrated most of the cultural events and festivals, from Chinese New Year to Deepavali and Christmas, and always had a variety of Chinese, Indian, Malay, and Eurasian dishes on my dining table.

Then there are the modern layers of bustling Singapore — for such a young nation, at just 57 years old, it's very technology-driven, so many of its systems, attractions, and buildings look futuristic. With intense tropical weather, the Lion City is also very green — Singapore's National Parks board estimated that in 2020, just under 50% of Singapore's land was covered in green space, with a tree-canopy cover of nearly 30% , making it one of the greenest cities in the world.

There's lots to see and do, from sampling food from across Asia to popping by unique ethnic quarters and meeting locals with a wonderful mix of backgrounds. Here's my complete guide as a local to all the best places to stay, eat, explore, and more for planning your Singapore itinerary. 

Explore Insider's guide to visiting Singapore.

→ How to get to Singapore by land, sea, or air, plus a local's tips for using public transit and taxi services

→ where to stay in singapore, recommended by a local — the best hotels, hostels, and more, → 10 of the best restaurants and places to eat authentic food in singapore, → 9 unique adventures and activities to do in singapore, from lush wetland hikes to a nighttime ghost tour, → what to know before traveling to singapore — the latest covid-19 regulations, weather advisories, and when to visit.

• Main content

A complete guide to visiting Singapore city!

Things to do in Singapore Singapore Travel Guide

A melting pot of global culture, hanging out on an island off the southern coast of Malaysia is the city-state of Singapore, or the Lion City - epitomised in the spirit of the land and immortalised in its name.

The island nation is known to be one of the safest and cleanest places to visit in the world, thus finding itself ranking quite high on the list of most popular travel destinations in the world. And once you’re here, let not the abundance of experiences overwhelm you.

With tons of attractions that cater to a universal crowd of all ages, Singapore has something for everyone. Colorful neighborhoods, delicious fusion food, historic temples, exciting wildlife reserves, luxurious shopping malls - it’s no wonder millions of people are flocking to this island nation each year.

4 reasons you should visit Singapore

How to prepare for your trip to Singapore?

Visa requirements.

Citizens of most countries can get a 90-day visa on arrival, so long as your passport is valid for at least 6 months from the day you enter. Citizens of India, Myanmar, Armenia, Russia and several other countries will need to obtain a visa prior to arrival. For more information on customs regulations, you can refer to Singapore’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs .

Travel Tips

Singapore has a reputation for being an expensive city for tourists, however, it isn’t impossible to experience it on a modest budget. From finding the perfect place to stay to finding the top things to do in the city; our Singapore travel tips guide has you covered. If you're visiting Singapore for the first time,our list of 15 travel tips and hacks will come handy.

Best time to visit

You can expect the weather to be warm and humid climate throughout the year. Feb to Apr are the best months for sightseeing as they attract minimal rainfall and the weather is generally dry. Any month is a great time to visit Singapore for backpackers. Dec to early Feb is festival and celebration time. Read our detailed blog on the Best time to visit Singapore.

Language English,Malay,& Tamil

Time zone GMT +8

Country Code +65

Socket Type G, 230V/50hz

Currency Singapore Dollars (SGD)

Top things to do in Singapore

When we say there's something new that crops up in the city every week or so, we are not exaggerating! Singapore never ceases to surprise and has something to keep everyone of all ages occupied. While there are over 500+ things to do in Singapore, here are the top 10 attractions you cannot miss out on!

Unmissable landmarks in Singapore

Sentosa Island in Singapore

The island of thrill, luxury, and all things nice – Sentosa is a recreational getaway situated off Singapore’s southern coast. A favorite amongst Singapore tourists, Sentosa Island offers a stunning panoramic view of the city with a slew of fun activities. Whether you spend an evening loitering by the beach or spend a day out on an exciting sightseeing excursion, you'll leave the island with incredible memories. There's something for everyone in Sentosa, whether you're an animal lover, an adrenaline junkie, a history buff, or a beach bum! Things to do in Sentosa is a never-ending list because new attractions pop up every now and then. Here is your Guide To The 18 Best Things To Do in Sentosa Island Singapore.

Nature and Wildlife Activities

From wildlife reserves and nighttime safaris to alien-like gardens and thrilling shark-dives, check out our roundup of Singapore nature and wildlife.

Here are your top 15 Nature & Wildlife activities

Theme parks in Singapore

Here’s our take on the best theme parks in Singapore — the ones you simply must not miss out on.

Getting around in Singapore

Singapore is a city-state adorned with modern skyscrapers, lush green parks, cultural landmarks, and a vibrant mix of cultures. To fully immerse yourself in the beauty of Singapore, walking is often the best way to explore. However, Singapore offers transportation options -

• MRT (Mass Rapid Transit): The MRT system is the backbone of Singapore's public transportation network. It crisscrosses the entire island, offering efficient and convenient access to various parts of the city. With multiple lines spanning approximately 200 kilometers, the MRT is a reliable choice for getting around Singapore.
• Bus: Singapore's extensive bus network complements the MRT system, providing comprehensive coverage across the city. Buses are equipped with air conditioning, making them a comfortable mode of transportation. They are especially useful for reaching destinations not directly accessible by MRT.
• Public Bicycles: Singapore promotes eco-friendly transportation with its public bicycle-sharing programs, such as "oBike" and "SG Bike." You can rent bicycles from various stations and explore the city's parks and scenic routes along the waterfront.
• Taxis: Taxis in Singapore are readily available and provide a convenient way to travel, especially if you prefer a door-to-door service. While taxis are more expensive compared to public transport, they are still a viable option for getting around, especially during late hours.
• Trishaws: For a unique and nostalgic experience, consider taking a ride in a traditional trishaw, often found in heritage districts like Chinatown and Little India. Trishaw riders provide guided tours while pedaling you through the colorful streets.
• River Taxis and Ferries: Singapore is known for its stunning waterfront areas, and you can explore them by taking river taxis and ferries. These water-based transportation options offer picturesque views of the city skyline and allow you to access islands like Sentosa.
• Tourist Sightseeing Buses: Singapore offers hop-on-hop-off tourist buses that cover major attractions and landmarks. These buses provide informative commentary and flexibility, allowing you to explore Singapore's top spots at your own pace.

Best neighborhoods to stay in Singapore

For sightseeing, your first time, on a budget, for nightlife, for shopping, with family, where to stay in singapore for sightseeing - marina bay and orchard road.

Marina Bay: Staying in the Marina Bay area puts you in the heart of Singapore's iconic sights. You'll have easy access to Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by the Bay, and Merlion Park. Luxurious hotels with stunning views of the city are available for those looking for a memorable stay.

Orchard Road: This central location is perfect for sightseeing. It's known for its upscale hotels and proximity to shopping malls like ION Orchard and Ngee Ann City. From here, you can explore popular attractions and dine at various restaurants.

Where to stay in Singapore for first-time visitors - Clarke Quay and Sentosa Island

Clarke Quay: If it's your first visit, consider staying in Clarke Quay. It offers a blend of nightlife, dining, and shopping experiences. You'll be close to the Singapore River, Boat Quay, and the lively Clarke Quay area.

Sentosa Island: For a unique experience, stay on Sentosa Island, where you can enjoy resort-style accommodations and easy access to attractions like Universal Studios Singapore and Adventure Cove Waterpark.

Where to stay in Singapore on a budget - Geylang and Little India

Geylang: Geylang is known for its affordable lodging options, including budget hotels, hostels, and guesthouses. It's a great choice for those looking to save money on accommodations and explore local eateries.

Little India: This vibrant neighborhood offers budget-friendly guesthouses and hostels. It's an excellent choice for travelers on a tight budget who want to experience Singapore's diverse culture and cuisine.

Where to stay in Singapore for the nightlife - Clarke Quay, Boat Quay and Marina Bay

Clarke Quay and Boat Quay: These areas along the Singapore River are famous for their nightlife. You'll find a plethora of bars, nightclubs, and restaurants, making it an ideal choice for night owls.

Marina Bay: While it's known for its stunning skyline views, Marina Bay also has upscale bars and lounges where you can enjoy cocktails with a view. Staying here offers a mix of sophistication and nightlife.

Where to stay in Singapore if you love shopping - Orchard Road and Bugis

Orchard Road: This shopping paradise is lined with malls and boutiques, making it the ultimate destination for shopaholics. Choose from a range of hotels, including some attached to the malls, for a convenient shopping experience.

Bugis: Bugis is known for its street markets, shopping streets, and affordable fashion. You'll find budget-friendly accommodations and have easy access to Bugis Junction and Bugis Street Market.

Where to stay in Singapore for a family friendly environment - Sentosa Island, East Coast and Marina Bay

Sentosa Island: Sentosa offers family-friendly resorts and attractions like Universal Studios Singapore, S.E.A. Aquarium, and Adventure Cove Waterpark. It's an excellent choice for a fun-filled family vacation.

East Coast: The East Coast area is known for its relaxed atmosphere and family-friendly parks and beaches. You can find accommodations with easy access to outdoor activities and seaside relaxation.

Marina Bay: While it's often seen as a business district, Marina Bay also offers family-friendly attractions like Gardens by the Bay and the ArtScience Museum. Many hotels in this area cater to families and provide a comfortable stay.

Hotels in Singapore

• The Hive Singapore Hostel
• ZEN Hostel Clark Quay
• Beary Best! By a Beary Good Hostel
• The Pod @Beach Road Boutique

Mid-range Hotels

• Studio M Hotel, A Millennium Hotel
• Concorde Hotel Singapore
• Citadines Rochor Singapore
• Resorts World Sentosa - Genting Hotel Jurong
• Furama RiverFront Hotel

Budget Hotels

• Ibis Styles Singapore Macpherson
• Citadines Connect City Centre Singapore
• Lyf Farrer Park
• Holiday Inn Express & Suites Singapore Novena
• Holiday Inn Express Singapore Orchad Road

Luxury Hotels

• Marina Bay Sands
• Mandarin Oriental Singapore
• Shangri-La Singapore
• Andaz Singapore, a concept by Hyatt
• JW Marriot Hotel Singapore South Beach

What to eat in Singapore

1. Hainanese Chicken Rice A beloved Singaporean dish, Hainanese chicken rice consists of tender poached chicken served with fragrant rice and a trio of dipping sauces, including ginger paste, chili sauce, and dark soy sauce. Visit Chinatown or Maxwell Food Centre for authentic renditions.

2. Chilli crab A spicy and savory delight, chili crab features succulent crab cooked in a rich, tangy tomato-based sauce with chili and egg. Jumbo Seafood and Long Beach Seafood are renowned spots for this dish.

3. Char Kway Teow This stir-fried flat rice noodle dish is a local favorite. It's typically cooked with prawns, Chinese sausage, eggs, and bean sprouts, all infused with a smoky wok hei (charred aroma). You can find excellent versions at hawker centers like Old Airport Road Food Centre.

4. Laksa Laksa is a flavorful noodle soup that comes in two main variations: curry laksa and assam laksa. The former is creamy and coconut-based, while the latter is tangy and fish-based. Try 328 Katong Laksa or Sungei Road Laksa for a taste of these comforting soups.

5. Hokkien Mee A delicious stir-fried noodle dish featuring prawns, squid, and a savory seafood broth, Hokkien Mee is a must-try. Visit stalls like Tian Tian Lai Hokkien Mee at Kovan Market & Food Centre.

6. Satay These skewered and grilled meats, often served with a side of peanut sauce and rice cakes, make for a popular street food snack. Satay stalls at Lau Pa Sat and Newton Food Centre offer a delightful satay experience.

7. Kaya Toast For breakfast or a sweet snack, indulge in kaya toast. It consists of toasted bread slathered with kaya (a sweet coconut and egg jam) and butter, often accompanied by soft-boiled eggs and coffee or tea. Popular chains like Ya Kun Kaya Toast and Toast Box serve this classic dish.

8. Roti Prata This South Indian-inspired flatbread is crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. Enjoy it with a variety of dips, including curry, sugar, or condensed milk, at places like Mr. and Mrs. Mohgan's Super Crispy Roti Prata.

9. Bak Kut Teh A hearty pork rib soup flavored with a blend of herbs and spices, Bak Kut Teh is a comforting dish. Savor it with steamed rice and side dishes like dough fritters. Song Fa Bak Kut Teh is a renowned restaurant for this dish.

10. Ice Kacang Beat the Singaporean heat with a refreshing bowl of Ice Kacang, a colorful dessert featuring shaved ice, sweet syrup, red beans, jelly, and other toppings. Try it at dessert stalls across the island.

Singapore itineraries for every type of traveller

In this guide, we have created 3 itineraries that will help you plan your trip to Singapore. Depending on your duration, whether it's just a day or 5 days, you can go through our guide and plan your stay accordingly. To navigate to each list, click on the markers above and it will take you to its respective page where you can take an in-depth look into the curated itineraries. And find a readymade Singapore itinerary, tailored to suit all age groups!

Top 10 Instagrammable Places in Singapore

Bonus: how to save money in singapore.

In comparison to its neighboring countries, prices in Singapore are more on par with European and North American standards. With that being said, there are a ton of ways to save money while traveling through the city-state.

Try these tips and hacks to cut costs, while still enjoying the best of Singapore.

1. Use the MRT Singapore’s MRT (subway) is the most efficient and cheapest way to get around the island. It’s also very punctual and exceptionally clean. Base fares start at S$1 (about $0.74). Maps showing the surrounding area are printed on the walls in MRT stations, making it extremely easy to use unlike other subway systems.

2. Avoid traveling during National Holidays Especially during Chinese New Year (Jan/Feb), prices for hotels, transport and other visitor-related activities skyrocket. It’s definitely a great opportunity to take in the nation’s culture, but if you’re on a budget, you might want to consider planning around these dates.

3. Take advantage of Happy Hour There a ton of great places to grab a drink in Singapore; but the city’s nightlife hotspots can come at a cost. If you’re on a budget, timing your cocktail time for Happy Hour will help minimize the damage on your wallet. Be sure to try the famed Singapore Sling - the island’s beloved gin cocktail.

Explore Singapore on a budget

Singapore is a captivating destination that offers a wealth of experiences, and you don't need to break the bank to enjoy them. With careful planning and smart choices, you can make the most of your visit to this vibrant city without overspending. Here's a guide to exploring Singapore on a budget.

What are somethings to do in Singapore?

There are many things to do in Singapore. You can visit the world-famous Zoo, take a ride on the Singapore Flyer, go shopping at Orchard Road, or take a walk through Chinatown.

What is the food like in Singapore?

The food in Singapore is a blend of Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Western influences. There is something for everyone to enjoy!

What is the nightlife like in Singapore?

The nightlife in Singapore is vibrant and exciting. There are many bars and nightclubs to enjoy, as well as live music and other entertainment options.

What are some of the important rules to follow in Singapore?

Be sure to not litter. Do not chew gum. Vandalism is a serious offense and can result in a jail sentence. And, it is considered disrespectful to walk around barefoot or shirtless in public.

All Singapore Guides

Shaili Contractor

With a passport full of tales from around 30 countries, I love exploring each new culture I come across. A seasoned writer and editor with a deep love for travel, I can't resist the allure of Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Turkey, and Indonesia - my favorites so far! I still have to take that trip to Japan, as I'm a HUGE Studio Ghibli fan, and love all sorts of pop culture! I also love history and am obsessed with anything that's connected to WW II. I want to visit Poland soon, just for this reason. Traveling has been a big part of my life for as long as I can remember. I grew up in Bahrain during the Gulf War, and since then, I've moved to several different countries, exploring them as I go. I love airplane food, I enjoy airports more than one should and I love the journey as much as the destination. I write about history and culture, shopping, handy tips, city guides, my own travel experiences and so much more about places visited and less visited in the world. Whether you're a seasoned traveler or a first-timer, I'm here to help you plan your next adventure and make the most of your travels.

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11 things to know before visiting Singapore

Mar 9, 2024 • 6 min read

Plan for your trip to Singapore with these things you should know and insider tips © Jakub Zajic / Getty Images

Singapore has a well-cultivated image of being a safe country .

Too safe perhaps for some, who balk at its infamously strict rules and fines for flouting them, and find the gleaming modern city too sanitized for their liking. Others appreciate the clean streets and manicured gardens amidst the tall buildings along with the intriguing mix of people that make up Singapore’s multifaceted culture.

As a Singaporean who’s lived here all her life (and who has always had to explain the country to fellow travelers in foreign hostel common rooms) here’s what you need to know about Singapore, its cultural landscape, and its local customs and quirks, to help you plan your trip to the Little Red Dot.

1. Singapore is small, but with lots to see and do

Compact Singapore takes less than an hour to drive from end to end but there’s a lot packed into this small country. For a first-time visitor, three to four days is usually sufficient to see the main highlights and get a feel of the top things to do in Singapore . 

If you’re really short on time, plan a layover with at least 5.5 hours and you can join one of three free transit tours organized by the excellent Changi Airport for a quick taster of what the country has to offer.

2. Pack for the tropics

Practically located on the equator, expect hot tropical weather ranging from 25 to 35ºC (77 to 95ºF) every single day in Singapore. A small umbrella is essential in case of scorching rays or sudden downpours.

What can be tough for those used to temperate climates is Singapore’s high humidity – 60 to 90% on average throughout the year, so be prepared to sweat it out. Pack light materials or bring a small fan or hankie around with you. Anyone basking under the afternoon sun who’s not on the beach is definitely a tourist – be sure to slap on the sunblock!

Funnily enough, it tends to be a lot colder indoors than outdoors because shopping malls and central cooling overcompensate for the heat.

A scarf or a light jacket will keep you warm, offer extra sun protection and are the perfect cover-up if you plan to visit religious buildings.

3. Singapore is an independent country 

With a majority Chinese population, some people mistakenly assume that Singapore is a part of China, which is not the case. Most Chinese Singaporeans are descendants of southeastern Chinese immigrants who sailed across the seas decades ago. 

Singapore may be hard to spot on a map, but you’ll find it just south of the Malaysian peninsula in Southeast Asia, four hours away from China by plane. On that note, despite its proximity and commonalities in shared culture and history, Singapore is also not a part of Malaysia, though it was very briefly back in 1963 before Singapore became fully independent in 1965, making next year – 2025 – the 60th anniversary of the republic.  

4. Most Singaporeans speak excellent English

Singapore is an easy place for Western tourists to explore on their own because of the widespread use of English here. Fun fact: Singapore actually has four official languages: Mandarin, Bahasa Melayu and Tamil represent the three major ethnic groups found here (Chinese, Malay and Indian respectively), and English is the main language used in schools and for business, which also allows for conversation across ethnicities.

5. Natural disasters are unlikely in Singapore 

Singapore may not have scenic mountain ranges or awe-inspiring topography, but it’s also out of the path of any major tectonic movement. You are unlikely to face any major natural disasters – no earthquakes, volcanos, typhoons or sandstorms here.

In the worst case, there may be flash floods during particularly rainy periods or haze blanketing the island from forest fires around the region, but these are usually temporary and minor inconveniences.

6. Singapore is a safe and stable place to visit 

Singapore is also well-known for its generally stable political and business climate, often ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world. Strikes that can disrupt travel plans are practically nonexistent here.

The crime rate in Singapore is also relatively low with lots of surveillance and a police force that people trust in. As a single woman, I’ve never been too worried about wandering around Singapore on my own even at night, but do maintain some common sense for your own safety as one of our popular slogans here goes: low crime doesn’t mean no crime.

7. Carry both cash and credit cards

How many Singapore dollars you change before your trip largely depends on where you plan to go . Most major tourist attractions and shops in shopping malls will accept credit cards, and other cashless options like contactless payments and smart wallets are also common.

Those planning to take public transport in Singapore can use their credit cards on the public buses and MRT card readers for convenience, but purchasing a local EZ-Link card or transport pass may be more worthwhile depending on how much travel you plan to do. However, do carry some cash around with you as it remains the prevalent method of payment for most small businesses, eating at hawker center stalls, or taking a taxi. Try to break notes of larger denominations ($50/$100) into smaller ones ($2/$5/$10) when possible.

8. Prebook attractions to avoid waiting in line

There’s a joke that a Singaporean’s favorite pastime is to queue for things, but that’s not something you want to waste time on. If there is an option to prebook tickets online or make a reservation, just do it. This is key on busy weekends and peak vacation periods like the mid- and year-end school holidays.

An attraction’s official website is usually the best place to get tickets, but browse other booking platforms before you check out as these sites may offer special seasonal discounts or multi-bundle prices. Also check the Visit Singapore website as it sometimes runs incentive programs for tourists.

9. Tipping is not expected

Tipping is not expected in Singapore. If you’re eating out in a restaurant or cafe, there is usually a 10% service charge included in the bill. Some places may have a tip box but otherwise, additional tips are not mandatory or expected, though they are appreciated in the service line.

10. Understand the art of "chope-ing"

If you are eating at food centers or working at co-working spaces, particularly within the central business district, you may notice empty tables with strategically placed items like umbrellas, tissue packets or lanyards on the seats. This is a local practice to "chope" or reserve a seat while everyone is queuing up at the stalls. Most people honor this informal reservation system and will look elsewhere for available seats.

11. Yes, you can drink the tap water

There's no need to buy bottled water in Singapore. The tap water here is treated and perfectly safe to drink. You'll find that most attractions have water coolers where you can refill your reusable bottles while you're out and about during the day.

This article was first published Sep 22, 2023 and updated Mar 9, 2024.

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Singapore Ultimate Travel Guide: Everything You Need To Know

Singapore is a modern, cosmopolitan city. The city is small, which is only around 719.2 sqm land area, but there’s still a lot to see and do. It has something for just about everyone – nature park reserves, beaches, museums, architecture, amusement parks, world-class shopping, and many more! With its location, this city is a convenient gateway to the rest of South-East Asia. You can either start, stop, or end here!

Do you have travel insurance? This is something you should have but wish you never want to use. Accidents can happen anytime and having travel insurance can save you a lot of money in case something goes wrong during your travels! Never travel without one. Get a free quote here.

Getting To Know Singapore

If you’re looking for a true “Asian” experience, Singapore won’t be at the top of your list. However, it’s a place that packs a lot of inspiration being a world-class technology hub in Asia.

Not only that, but it’s also known as a super clean city, “fine” city, the land of shopping malls, and having one of the best airports in the world. Although known as an expensive city, it has a lot of cheap and great street food!

Before we delve into traveling around Singapore, we’re answering the most frequently asked questions!

What’s the currency in Singapore? SGD (Singaporean Dollar) | January 2021 Conversion Rate: 1.33SGD = $1 USD

Should I tip Singapore? The country does not have a tipping culture. Most restaurants add a 10% service charge to the bill so a tip is expected. 

What are the most common languages spoken in Singapore? English, Malay, Mandarin Chinese, and Tamil 

What’s the national language? Malay, but most Singaporeans speak English

Helpful Phrases To Know: Malay

• Hello = apa kabar
• Thank you = terima kasih
• Delicious = lazat
• Coffee = kopi
• Bathroom =  bilik mandi
• How much? = berapa banyak
• Too expensive = mahal
• Don’t want = tidak mahu

Helpful Phrases To Know: Singlish (an English-based creole language spoken in Singapore)

• Very good/delicious = shiok
• Black coffee (without milk) = kopi o
• Coffee with condensed milk = kopi c
• Coffee with less sugar = kopi siu dai
• Eat = makan
• Thank you = thank you ahh

What’s Singapore’s religion and culture? The main religions are Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.

How do I get around Singapore? The best way to get around Singapore is via its MRT subway system. Consider buying an EZ-link card or a Singaporean Tourist Pass to spend less and make your trip more convenient.

What’s the plug and socket type in Singapore? In Singapore, the power plugs and sockets are of type G. Bring a power plug adapter for convenience.

When’s the best time to visit Singapore?  

Climate in Singapore

Singapore’s climate is classified as tropical rainforest, with high humidity and abundant rainfall. The best time to travel to Singapore is between February to April. However, the climate is more or less the same all throughout the year. 

•       Rainy season: December-March and June-September
•       Coldest month: February

The peak season for tourists is from   November-January, June, and July. If you don’t like crowded places, better avoid traveling during these months.

Are there any major festivals in Singapore?

• Chinese New Year: mid-January to mid-February
• Thaipusam (Indian festival): first/second week of February
• Singapore Art Festival: May-June
• Hari Raya Puasa (Malay festival for Muslims): June-July
• National Day: August 9
• Singapore River Festival: October
• Lantern Festival: September 15th

Note: The exact dates vary each year.

Travel Tip: Check schedules and availability of buses, ferries, taxis or flights to book online with 12Go Asia.

Before booking your flight and for safe travel, see this  Updated Entry Requirements to Singapore  from Traveloka to get the latest travel information, restrictions, and other arrival preparations to enter Singapore.

Top Things to Do in Singapore

• Explore Gardens by the Bay – Spend a few hours wandering around Marina Bay’s gardens, an iconic destination in Singapore! It has three gardens spanning more than a hundred hectares of reclaimed land. Book your Gardens by the Bay and OCBC Skyway tickets from Klook at a discounted rate!
• Shop on Orchard Road –  Shop till you drop. From everyday items to luxury ones, you can find them here. 
• Have fun at Universal Studios –  Bring out the kid in you and ride all you can at Universal Studios Singapore. You can book discounted Universal Studios tickets from Klook.
• Ride Singapore cable car – Fly at night from Faber Peak Singapore to Sentosa Island and get priceless scenic views of Singapore. Get a discounted Singapore Cable Car Skypass from Klook.
• Visit Night Safari –  Have a wildlife science tour at night. Located next to the Singapore zoo, this park is the world’s first nocturnal park and rainforest lumina. It is open from 7:30 pm until midnight. Get a glimpse of more than 130 species of animals in action, including nocturnal animals. Don’t forget the 20-minute Creatures of the Night show held three to four times per night. Reserve your Singapore Night Safari Open Dated Ticket With Tram Ride from Klook.
• Join a Cooking Class –  Love food? Try joining a cooking class to learn more about Singapore’s culture and food heritage. Book a discounted cooking class ticket from Klook.
• Go on an Adventure at Skyline Luge – For a thrilling experience, the Skyline Luge and Skyride is a must-try! Book discounted tickets from Klook!
• Taste the Ya Kun Kaya Toast –  Taste Singapore’s iconic breakfast at Ya Kun Kaya Toast at a discounted rate. Reserve here.

Top Attractions & Places To Visit in Singapore

Gardens by the bay.

Gardens by the Bay is a 101-hectare park, combining nature and technology. Check out its Supertrees, Cloud Forest, and Flower Dome. These contain ferns, orchids, and flowers from many places in the world like Spain, Italy, and South America!

Entering the park and having your selfie near the Supertrees are free, but you need to pay a fee to explore the Cloud Forest and Forest Dome. 

Book a discounted ticket to Gardens by the Bay here.

Marina Bay is literally a bay, with its surrounding area also called Marina Bay. It’s built on reclaimed land. You can find here Marina Bay Sand, an integrated resort owned by Las Vegas Sands.

It is also known as the world’s most expensive standalone casino, including its land cost. It has three towers connected by a 1-hectare roof terrace, Sands Skypark. Its observation deck provides a dazzling panoramic view across the bay.

Planning to visit Marina Bay? Tour around with a segway guided tour. Book a discounted ticket via Klook.

You can also bike along the bay at night for the best view of the city. It’s one of the best things to do in Singapore at night . You can join a group tour or go alone.

Orchard Road

Known as Asia’s most famous shopping street with nearly 30 shopping malls lined up on its 2.2 km-length, it offers all your shopping needs, from everyday staples to luxury items. You can also find here the National Museum of Singapore. 

A home to different cultures and multi-ethnic culinary traditions, there’s always something exciting in Chinatown.  Whether you are touring age-old temples or looking for a place to eat or drink, check this place out. 

Reserve your Chinatown Singapore Walking Tour from Klook for discounted rates!

Known as “Asia’s Favorite Playground.” It includes casinos, forest adventures, and beach resorts, which makes it a wonderful island for relaxation and recreation. For those who love amusement parks, Universal Studios Singapore is right in this park.

Reserve your Sentosa Fun Pass tickets here for a discounted price!

Or purchase a Sentosa Express Train Ticket here.

S.E.A. Aquarium

Experience the biggest museum in Singapore at S.E.A. Aquarium with a VIP tour from Klook! Reserve a ticket here.

What To Eat In Singapore

Food in Singapore has cultural influences from everywhere-Chinese, Malay, Indonesian, and Indian.

We recommend

•       Chili Crab: national dish of Singapore
•       Hainanese Chicken Rice: originated from Hainan Province
•       Nasi Lemak: famous Malay dish, rice cooked in coconut milk and pandan leaf
•       Biryani: fried rice dish of Indian Muslim influence
•       Roti Prata: a pancake-like bread served with curry
•       Fried Hokkien Mee: famous Singapore fried noodles

Singapore Travel Budget

The Worldwide Holiday Costs Barometer by Post Office suggests that Singapore is the most expensive holiday destination worldwide. Still, you can tour Singapore without breaking your bank account. 

Good to know: To spend less, eat your meals at hawker centers. Most destinations can be reached on foot, so just walk. Plus there are free attractions in Singapore such as the Merlion Park, Singapore Botanical Garden, and Gardens by the Bay.

How much should you budget in Singapore (per day)?

The amount usually varies on whether you are a budget or a midrange traveler and if you like to splurge on some things. However, here’s a typical budget when traveling around Singapore.

For the Budget traveler: If you are on a tight budget and watch your spending closely, 40-60 USD per day. 

For the Mid-range traveler: If you want to have a few splurges and stay in nicer accommodations, plan to budget 100-120 USD per day.  

Accommodation

• Dorm bed = 9-12USD
• Budget room = 30-60USD
• Mid-range = 120USD
• Luxury hotel = 500USD
• Street food/hawker center = 2-4USD
• Mid-range restaurant = 10-20USD
• Bottled water = 4.50USD/liter

Transportation

• MRT = an average of 1USD per ride 
• Grab taxi = around 0.16SGD per minute
• Taxi from airport to city center = 14-25USD

Entertainment

• Universal Studios Singapore = 79 USD/one day pass  ( RESERVE YOUR TICKET HERE )
• Skypark viewing deck entrance fee = 23 SGD/adult, 17 SGD/child (2-11 years old)
• Singapore Zoo = 37 USD/adult, 25 USD/child 
• Singapore Cable Car = 35 SGD/adult, 25 SGD/child
• Night Safari = 55 SGD/adult, 39 SGD/child (ages 3-12 years old)
• Cloud Forest and Flower Dome at Gardens by the Bay = 28 SGD/adult, 15  SGD/child (3-12 years old)

Budget Tip: For tours and tickets, Klook offers discounted rates for hassle-free trips. 

Where to Stay

These accommodations cost around 40 USD/night, good for 2 people.  

Beat Capsule Hostel

Located in the Boat Quay district of Singapore, this property is found right in the heart of Chinatown. It also gives easy access to MRT and bus stations. Boat Quay is a wonderful choice for travelers interested in skyline views, botanical gardens, and city walks. 

Book here for discounted rates

Conservation Shophouse

Conveniently located in Bras Basah and very close to the following stations: Basah MRT Station (651 meters), City Hall MRT Station (450 meters), and Bugis MRT Station (550 meters). 

Royal Lodge @ Pagoda Street

Just a few steps from Chinatown Heritage Center. The location is right next to Chinatown MRT Station.

7 Wonders Hostel @ Upper Dickenson

Located in Little India. It is near Bugis Street, which is one of the biggest and cheapest places to shop in Singapore, and the Singapore Art Museum. Little India MRT Station is just 300 meters away. 

Beary Best! Kampong Glam

This property is a 10-minute walk from Bugis Street and 300 meters away from Bugis MRT Station. It is also very near the Singapore Flyer and the Singapore Art Museum. Enjoy a nice view of Arab Street from the roof deck! 

Sustainable Travel Tips in Singapore

With how travel has taken the world by storm, we want to influence travelers on traveling more responsible.

So what is responsible travel? According to HuffPost,

Responsible travel (aka responsible tourism) is simply this: Being socially and culturally aware when you travel (i.e. use more common sense people!), understanding your affect on the places you visit and trying to make that affect a positive one.

Walk/ride a bike

A lot of destinations in Singapore are within walking distance, but if you want to cover more distance, you can also join a bike tour in Singapore. 

Instead of buying bottled water, drink tap water!

You can drink water straight from the tap as the water in Singapore passes the standards of the World Health Organization. You can also bring your own refillable water bottles and simply refill. Help save the Earth by reducing your plastic waste.

Talk to the locals

Immerse yourself in the local culture and what better way to do that than talking to the locals? Learn a few bits about their language and meet amazing people!

Respect the places you visit

Know what are the dos and don’ts in the place you are planning to visit. You might unknowingly disrespect the people, the culture, and the environment of the places you visit.

Enjoy the view

It’s nice to take photos to preserve memories but don’t forget to take the time to also appreciate the view. You might be too busy taking photos and selfies that you forget to enjoy the place.

Singapore Packing List

So now you have your flight tickets, it’s time to pack!

• Reef Safe Sunscreen
• Mosquito Repellent
• Refillable Water Bottle
• Travel Adapter
• Cotton Shirts, Pants, Shorts
• First Aid Kit
• Comfortable Shoes
• Skirts & Dresses (for the ladies)
• Umbrella – if you’re going during the rainy season
• Light Jacket – better yet, a waterproof jacket !
• Pocket WiFi
• Menstrual Cups (for girls only)
• Portable Charger / Power Bank
• Don’t forget your travel insurance!

Our Camera Gear

• Mirrorless Camera: Fujifilm XT3
• Lenses: Fujifilm Fujinon kit lens (18-55mm) | Fujinon 35mm f2 | Fujinon 50mm f2
• Drone: DJI Mavic Pro 2
• GoPro: GoPro Hero Black 7
• Power Bank: Romoss Powerbank
• Camera Backpack: Case Logic Camera and Laptop Backpack
• Monopod: Ifootage Cobra 2 a180
• Mic: Rode VideoMicro
• Gimbal: Zhiyun Weebill-S

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Top Things to do in Singapore - Best Singapore Travel Guide

Detailed reviews on activites and things to do in singapore. we make it easy for you to find the right hotels, museums, tours, walks and more in singapore.

Singapore Museums

National Museum of Singapore, Asian Civilisations Museum, Singapore Art Museum, Changi Chapel, plenty to discover.

Hiking in Singapore

Great walks in MacRitchie Reservoir, Fort Canning Park, East Coast Park and Mount Faber. The Botanical Gardens are beautiful.

Sentosa Attractions

Man-made beaches, exclusive bars, resorts, hotels and lots of outdoor sports like the luge ride, flying fox, golf etc.

Get the best Singapore travel advice, the easy way

We do all the research, reviews and comparisons so you don't have to.

When you come to Singapore Travel, you can expect well-researched and helpful information, activity guides, and hotel reviews. We are travel enthusiasts who love to research the details and bring you easy to read summaries so you can fully understand the best things to do and make smart buying decisions to save yourself time and money. 

Our Top Singapore Picks

Singapore is a small island city-state located in Southeast Asia. Despite its size, Singapore is a hugely popular tourist destination due in part to its diverse culture and rich history. For first-time visitors, here are some of our top things to do in Singapore:

Explore Chinatown

Singapore’s Chinatown is a vibrant and historic neighborhood that is home to a variety of Chinese temples, shops, and restaurants. Be sure to try some of the delicious street food!

Singapore Zoo

The Singapore Zoo is one of the best zoos in the world, and it’s a great place to see some of the unique animals that call Singapore home. Highlights include the orangutans, tigers, and pygmy hippos.

Singapore Flyer

The Singapore Flyer is a giant Ferris wheel that offers breathtaking views of the city skyline. It’s a must-do for any first-time visitor during the day or even better at night.

Orchard Road

Orchard Road is Singapore’s premier shopping district, and it’s home to hundreds of high-end stores and malls. If you’re looking to do some serious shopping, this is the place to be.

MacRitchie Reservoir

Hiking trails in MacRitchie Reservoir range from easy 1.5 hour walks to more gruelling 5 hour ones. Choose from 6 different routes that range from 3km to 11.5km.

Be sure to take some time to relax at Marina Bay. The bay area offers views of the city skyline as well as plenty of opportunities for swimming, sunbathing, and strolling along the waterfront.

Universal Studios

Universal Studios Singapore (USS), the first in Asia, is a mega theme park boasting 28 attractions in 7 themed zones. Located within Resorts World Sentosa.

Jurong Bird Park

The Jurong Bird Park is the largest of its kind in the world (largest bird population of 8000 birds representing 600 species). It is a world-famous zoo for many specimens of bird-life from all over the world.

How we compare & choose activities in Singapore

Expert knowledge to help you buy smart​.

We provide expert knowledge about things to do in Singapore. Including ratings and data about how each tour and activity measure up in various categories of performance.

We explain what sets a tour apart from its competitors, and suggest other comparable tours based on price or use. 

We also look at how the tour has been designed, and what type of tourist they are targeted to – so you can make your decision based on what is right for you and your Singapore holiday.  

Our guide to the best information about Singapore

Planning a holiday to Singapore? We’re here to help! You’ll find information and travel tips that will help you make the best of your stay in Singapore.

Singapore is a country located in Southeast Asia. It is a small island nation with a population of about 5 million people. Singapore is known for its strict laws and regulations, clean and orderly streets, and efficient public transportation system.

Home to a diverse range of cultures and ethnicities, making Singapore a fascinating place to visit. Whether you’re interested in exploring the city’s Chinatown, Little India, or Arab Street, there’s something for everyone in Singapore.

You’ll find the best information on Singapore whether you’re interested in history, shopping, or just the food.

Transport in Singapore

Everything you need to know about getting around in Singapore. Public buses are cheap and reliable. The Mass Rapid Transit MRT is fast and efficient. Taxis in Singapore are numerous and easy to flag down. Find out more about  transport in Singapore here.

Visa Requirements in Singapore

Find out everything you need to know about visas for Singapore here.

Weather in Singapore

Check the best time of the year to go to Singapore. Although Singapore is a great place to travel to anytime as it’s always warm, it does get monsoon rains.

Best things to do in Singapore

Singapore Zoo is very popular, plus the Singapore Flyer, both a must do while you are on vacation in Singapore. A visit to Sentosa Island on the cable car is awesome too.

Travel tips to Singapore

Find out about money, water, medical, safety, tax refunds and more here.

Our guide to the best shopping in Singapore

Bugis street - largest street shopping location in singapore.

Bugis Street is not lined with mega malls like  Orchard Road . Instead, it has made a name for itself as the largest street shopping location with over 800 concept stores offering huge varieties of trendy selections at extremely competitive prices. It is thus a popular haunt for tourists and locals alike. An estimated 10 million people frequent this street every year. The large malls Bugis Junction and Illuma are just nearby, which cater more to the young and hip adult groups.

Chinatown - traditional Chinese quarters of Singapore

Singapore’s Chinatown is a great place to go shopping for souvenirs and gifts. The streets are lined with stalls selling everything from T-shirts to traditional Chinese medicines.

The buildings in Chinatown are also interesting, with their traditional Chinese architecture and red lanterns hanging from the eaves. If you’re looking for a place to eat, plenty of restaurants and hawker stalls serve delicious Singaporean food. And if you want to try your hand at bargaining, there’s no better place than Chinatown!

Orchard Road - tree-lined boulevard with numerous shopping malls on both sides of the road

Singapore is well-known for its shopping, and Orchard Road is the central shopping district. The area is filled with malls, luxury hotels, and high-end restaurants. However, Orchard Road is also a great place to find bargains. Plenty of retail outlets offer discounts on clothes, electronics, and other goods.

The best time to find bargains is during the Singapore Sale, which takes place from May to July. During this period, many retailers offer discounts of up to 70%. So if you’re looking to score some great deals on Singapore’s famous Orchard Road, be sure to visit during the Singapore Sale.

Marina Bay and City Hall - underground mall

Singapore is a shopper’s paradise, and Marina Bay is one of the best places to go for a splurge. The area is home to numerous high-end stores and countless restaurants and cafes. There’s also a waterfront Promenade that’s perfect for an afternoon stroll.

Whether you’re looking for designer clothes, luxury goods, or just a nice place to relax, Marina Bay has something for everyone.

Shopping in the suburbs of Singapore

There are numerous shopping malls located amongst housing estates and neighbourhoods away from the popularised Civic District or Orchard Road.

Here you’ll find a list of suburban malls, we have only featured the more prominent malls.

Frequently asked questions about things to do in Singapore

Can you explore singapore in a day.

Singapore is a small country, and it's possible to see many of the sights in a day. However, Singapore is also very noisy and busy, so it can be hard to appreciate everything in such a short amount of time.

Plus, with the heat and humidity, it's easy to get tired and grumpy when you're walking around all day.

If you're only in Singapore for a day, my advice would be to just pick a few things that you really want to see and take your time enjoying them. Don't try to pack too much into your schedule, or you'll just end up feeling stressed out.

And if you do find yourself getting tired, there's no shame in taking a break in one of the air-conditioned malls! Singapore may be small, but there's still plenty to see and do. Just pace yourself, and enjoy your day.

What is the best area to stay in Singapore?

Singapore is divided into several regions, each with its own distinct character. The best area to stay in Singapore depends on what you are looking for in a vacation.

If you want to experience the traditional culture of Singapore, then you should stay in Chinatown or Little India . These areas are rich in history and offer a glimpse into Singapore in years past.

If you are more interested in the modern side of Singapore, then you should stay in Orchard Road or Marina Bay . These areas are full of high-end shops and restaurants, and they offer a more contemporary experience. 

Is Singapore safe?

Singapore is often lauded as one of the safest countries in the world. And it's true- the city-state has a very low crime rate, and strict laws help to keep residents safe. But that doesn't mean that Singapore is completely free of danger.

Just like anywhere else, there are always risks present- from slipping on a wet floor to being hit by a car. So while Singapore may be safe overall, it's still important to be careful and stay alert. After all, as the saying goes, "Safety first!"

What is the number 1 tourist attraction in Singapore?

Singapore is best known for its diverse culture, food, and architecture. The city is home to a variety of attractions, including the Singapore Zoo , Sentosa Island , and Universal Studios Singapore .

However, Singapore's number one tourist attraction is the Singapore Botanic Gardens. The gardens span 74 hectares and feature a wide range of plant life, from iconic orchids to rare palms. In addition, the gardens are home to the National Orchid Garden, which houses more than 60,000 orchids.

With its stunning scenery and wealth of plant life, it's no wonder that the Singapore Botanic Gardens is the top tourist destination in Singapore.

What is the best month to visit Singapore?

Singapore is a great place to visit any time of year. However, if you're looking for the best month to enjoy all that this city has to offer, I would recommend December. The weather is perfect at this time of year - not too hot and not too humid.

Plus, Singapore comes alive during December with a wide range of festive events and activities. From decorating the streets with colorful lights to hosting huge Christmas markets, Singapore really knows how to celebrate the holiday season. 

Is Singapore expensive to visit?

Singapore is definitely an expensive city to visit! Everything from hotels and food to transportation and activities can be quite costly. However, there are ways to save money while you're in Singapore.

For example, take advantage of the many free activities the city has to offer, like visiting one of the many parks or taking a walk through Chinatown.

You can also save on food by eating at Hawker Centers, which offer delicious Singaporean cuisine at a fraction of the cost of a restaurant meal.

With a little planning and creativity, you can definitely enjoy your time in Singapore without breaking the bank!

Our guide to hotels and where to stay in Singapore

5 star hotels in singapore.

 Singapore is renowned for its luxury hotels offering guests five-star service and top-notch amenities. Singapore is the perfect place to stay if you’re looking for a luxurious and relaxing vacation.

However, be prepared to shell out some serious cash – Singapore is one of the most expensive cities in the world. But hey, when you’re staying in a hotel with its own private infinity pool, who will complain? Singapore may be small, but it definitely packs a punch when it comes to luxury hotels.

Best budget hotels in Singapore

Many great budget hotels in Singapore offer clean and comfortable accommodations without breaking the bank.

One of our favourites is the Hanoi Guesthouse, which offers simple but spacious rooms starting from just $35 a night.

If you’re looking for a bit more luxury, the capsule hotel at Orchard Parade Hotel is a great option. For just $60 a night, you’ll get your own private capsule with a TV, Wi-Fi and air conditioning.

Singapore may be expensive, but there are still plenty of great deals to be found if you know where to look.

Airport Hotels in Singapore

If you’re looking for a place to stay near Singapore’s Changi Airport, there are plenty of airport hotels to choose from.

However, with so many options, it can be tough to decide which one is right for you.

To help you make up your mind, we’ve put together a great list of airport hotels in Singapore.

Integrated resorts in Singapore

An integrated resort is a Singaporean euphemism for a casino-based vacation resort. Alas, the integrated resorts don’t revolve solely around gambling.

Besides being the first casinos in a country more well-known for its conservative culture, the integrated resort aim to offer a complete lifestyle experience – everything from wholesome entertainment to luxurious stays.

Our guide to the best food and hawker centres in Singapore

Newton Food Centre

For a hawker centre, Newton Food Centre or Newton Circus is huge. There are plenty of local food stalls to choose from, the food centre is well-ventilated and spacious, and is very accessible with the MRT station across the road.

Chomp Chomp Hawker Centre

Located in a residential area known as Serangoon Gardens, Chomp Chomp is yet another place where you’ll find great local food, though amidst a noisy and bustling atmosphere.

East Coast Lagoon Food Village

Along the well-frequented East Coast Park, you’ll find the ever popular East Coast Lagoon Food Village. The food stalls form a ring around the seating area, given you the feeling that you’re surrounded with food.

Old Airport Road Hawker Centre

The food centre along Old Airport Road has been around for a long time. Weekend evenings are when the food centre is most crowded, so it’s best for you to drop by on a weekday.

Our latest articles on things to do in Singapore

About Singapore

Adventure Travel in Singapore

Arts Venues in Singapore

Asian Civilisations Museum

Best Places with Restaurants in Singapore

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve

Changi Chapel and Museum

Changi Village Hawker Centre in Singapore

Chek Jawa Wetlands

We do all the research, reviews and comparisons so you don't have to., search our singapore travel guide.

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Follow our news, recent searches, commentary: when will tourist arrivals in singapore fully recover, advertisement.

While Changi Airport is nearing a full recovery in passenger traffic, visitor arrivals to Singapore are lagging. The tourism sector faces a complex recovery with rising costs and varying demand, says aviation and tourism analyst Brendan Sobie.

People gather next to the Merlion statue at the Marina Bay Waterfront Promenade in Singapore on Aug 7, 2024. (Photo: AFP/Roslan Rahman)

This audio is generated by an AI tool.

Brendan Sobie

SINGAPORE: Passenger traffic at Singapore’s Changi Airport is now virtually at pre-COVID levels. The airport handled 33.01 million passengers in the first half of 2024, representing a 99.3 per cent recovery compared with the 33.23 million passengers handled in the first half of 2019.

However, visitor arrivals were only 92.6 per cent recovered, with 6.64 million arriving at Changi between January and June compared with 7.17 million in the same period in 2019.

June was a particularly weak month for tourism in Singapore, with visitor arrivals at Changi 85.3 per cent recovered compared with the same month in 2019.

This is a concerning trend highlighting the challenges facing Singapore’s tourism sector, particularly in months without big events , as the cost of holidaying in Singapore skyrockets.

THE TAYLOR SWIFT EFFECT

The Taylor Swift concerts in March provided a welcome boost to Singapore’s tourism sector, with visitor arrivals at Changi nearly matching those of March 2019 at a 99.9 per cent recovery. However, as soon as Swifties left, this temporary high faded. In the second quarter, the recovery rate slipped to 88.5 per cent, down from 96.7 per cent in the first quarter.

The passenger traffic recovery rate at Changi also dipped slightly to 98.2 per cent in the second quarter from 100.5 per cent in the first quarter. However, Changi was able to offset most of the decline in inbound demand with stronger outbound demand.

Outbound traffic, measured by the number of Singapore residents departing Changi, was 5.4 per cent higher in second quarter. In the first quarter, it was 0.6 per cent lower than the same period of 2019 and for the first half of 2024 it was 2.6 per cent higher.

Transit traffic was about 6 per cent higher in the first half of 2024 with a similar recovery rate in each quarter, indicating a growing reliance on passengers connecting through Changi without entering Singapore. Transit traffic accounted for 34 per cent of total traffic in the first half of 2024, compared with 32 per cent in 2019.

While there are more big events scheduled for the second half of the year, including the Formula 1 Singapore Grand Prix in September, it is becoming increasingly difficult to attract tourists when there are no events. The F1 event, unlike the Taylor Swift concerts, may not have as significant an impact since it was already an annual fixture before the pandemic.

IS SINGAPORE EXPENSIVE TO VISIT?

It is not unusual for tourists these days to complain about how Singapore is an expensive place to visit. Recently, an American TikTok user lamented that she spent more than US$9,000 on a five-day trip to Singapore, including US$1,200 a night for her hotel room. 

Her post triggered a wave of criticism from netizens, who pointed out that there were a lot of cheaper alternatives. Her post may have touched a nerve, but it highlights the perception of the city as an overpriced destination .

A hotel room in Singapore now costs on average S$280 (US$211) per night, based on Singapore Tourism Board data from the first half of 2024. The average hotel room rate increased by 32 per cent compared to the same period of 2019.

This has been met with a corresponding dip in occupancy rates, which fell from about 85 per cent in the first half of 2019 to 80 per cent in the first half of 2024.

With accommodation costs climbing, Singapore risks pricing out budget-conscious travellers. Although the cost of other items typically purchased by tourists have also increased, affordable options remain for many of these including food, transport and attractions. Therefore, steep hotel rates may prove to be the main impediment to fully recovering Singapore’s tourism sector.

Singapore has announced a series of big investments this year to help its tourism sector amid intensifying global competition. For example, Singapore will get its own Porsche Experience Centre near Changi Airport by 2027 and plans are also in place for a four-hectare waterfront wellness enclave at the Marina South Coastal site.

BALANCING HIGH-END AND BUDGET TOURISM

The new attractions may be successful at luring more high-end tourists and further differentiating Singapore from less expensive destinations. However, Singapore also needs to attract budget or middle-tier tourists to generate the volumes required to support the tourism sector’s overall ecosystem and help fill the significantly larger Changi Airport that will emerge once Terminal 5 opens next decade.

Further increases in the transit portion of Changi’s total traffic may seem like a viable option but this kind of traffic is significantly less profitable for airports as transit passengers pay much lower fees despite using more services. Transit traffic also contributes much less to the overall economy and can instead facilitate growth for a competing destination.

This is the conundrum of investing in air hub expansion. The massive investment in Changi East could be questioned if the breakdown of traffic at Changi flips so that transit overtakes inbound as the biggest segment.

There will be some growth in outbound as well, but this will remain the smallest of the three segments - at roughly one-quarter of total traffic - given Singapore’s small population.

Getting Singapore’s tourism sector back on the growth trajectory will not be easy. The main source markets could be reinvigorated with innovative products and savvy marketing, but will that be sufficient to attract more tourists if costs continue to rise?

Commentary: Singapore is right to be tough on Airbnb-style short stays

IN FOCUS: Countries around the world are battling overtourism. Could a hub like Singapore be next?

How can singapore sway price-sensitive travellers.

Most of the traditional source markets are now struggling and the short-term outlook is not bright.

China has captured a lot of attention since early this year when Singapore waived visa requirements for Chinese citizens and passenger traffic between the two countries returned to pre-COVID levels.

However, Chinese inbound visitor arrivals at Changi are still well below 2019 levels, registering a 10 per cent decline in the second quarter of 2024. The recovery of Singapore-China passenger traffic has been driven by the outbound (including Chinese citizens working in Singapore) and transit segments.

China is still the largest source market for Singapore’s tourism sector, but the inbound portion of total Singapore-China traffic has slipped from 71 per cent in first half of 2019 to 63 per cent in first half of 2024. 

Singapore’s second-largest source market, Indonesia, has seen an even bigger drop with Indonesian visitor arrivals at Changi down by 20 per cent in the first half of 2024.

Singapore’s third-largest source market, India, is also not fully recovered. Indian visitor arrivals at Changi were down 12 per cent in the first half of 2024 although India-Singapore passenger traffic is now higher than pre-COVID levels, driven by transit traffic.

India is a booming market with massive outbound growth widely predicted. However, it is also a very price-sensitive market, making it difficult for Singapore to attract as many Indian tourists as other destinations.

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Commentary: Think Singapore is boring? That’s partly why it can attract repeat visits from Taylor Swift

Inbound demand from regional markets within Asia have generally been weaker than long-haul markets. For example, Australian visitor arrivals were up 8 per cent in the first half of 2024 compared to 2019 levels while American and British arrivals were down only 1 per cent each.

Demand from Asian travellers has also been impacted by increasing departure fees at Changi, which now total S$65.20. While this may not seem like a lot compared to a hotel room, many regional travellers only stay in Singapore for one or two nights and the S$65.20 is often more than the base air fare offered by a budget airline. AirAsia has dropped six routes at Changi over the last year, a bellwether of how difficult it has become to stimulate inbound demand from other Southeast Asian countries.

As it embarks on its long-term 2040 tourism vision, Singapore should look at initiatives to sway price-sensitive travellers such as more budget accommodation options and lower departure fees for regional flights.

Brendan Sobie is the founder of Singapore-based independent aviation consulting and analysis firm Sobie Aviation.

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U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country

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Reciprocity Schedule

Select a visa category below to find the visa issuance fee, number of entries, and validity period for visas issued to applicants from this country*/area of authority.

Explanation of Terms

Visa Classification: The type of nonimmigrant visa you are applying for.

Fee: The reciprocity fee, also known as the visa issuance fee, you must pay. This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee).

Number of Entries: The number of times you may seek entry into the United States with that visa. "M" means multiple times. If there is a number, such as "One", you may apply for entry one time with that visa.

Validity Period: This generally means the visa is valid, or can be used, from the date it is issued until the date it expires, for travel with that visa. If your Validity Period is 60 months, your visa will be valid for 60 months from the date it is issued.

Visa Classifications

Country specific footnotes.

Although care has been taken to ensure the accuracy, completeness and reliability of the information provided, please contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate where you plan to apply if you believe this information is in error or if you have further questions.

Visa Category Footnotes

The validity of A-3, G-5, and NATO 7 visas may not exceed the validity of the visa issued to the person who is employing the applicant. The "employer" would have one of the following visa classifications:

• G-1 through G-4
• NATO 1 through NATO 6

An E-1 and E-2 visa may be issued only to a principal alien who is a national of a country having a treaty, or its equivalent, with the United States. E-1 and E-2 visas may not be issued to a principal alien if he/she is a stateless resident or national of a country without a treaty.  *When the spouse and children of an E-1 or E-2 principal alien are accorded derivative E-1 or E-2 status and are themselves a national of a country that does not have a treaty with the United States – the reciprocity schedule, including any reciprocity fees, of the principal alien’s country of nationality should be used.  **Spouse and children of an E-1 or E-2 visa principal applicant, where the spouse and children are also nationals of a country that has a treaty with the United States – the reciprocity schedule, including any reciprocity fees, of the spouse and children’s country of nationality should be used.  

*Example 1: John Doe is a national of Country A that has an E-1/E-2 treaty with the U.S. however his wife and child are nationals of Country B which has no treaty with the U.S. The wife and child would, therefore, be entitled to derivative status and receive the same reciprocity as John Doe, the principal visa holder. **Example 2:  Mike Doe is a national of Country Y that has an E-1/E-2 treaty with the U.S. however his wife and child are nationals of Country Z that also has a treaty with the U.S. The wife and child would, therefore, be entitled to derivative status and receive the reciprocity issued to nationals of Country Z.

The validity of H-1 through H-3, O-1 and O-2, P-1 through P-3, and Q visas may not exceed the period of validity of the approved petition or the number of months shown, whichever is less.

Under 8 CFR §214.2, H-2A and H-2B petitions may generally only be approved for nationals of countries that the Secretary of Homeland Security has designated as participating countries. The current list of eligible countries is available on USCIS's website for both H-2A and H-2B visas. Nationals of countries not on this list may be the beneficiary of an approved H-2A or H2-B petition in limited circumstances at the discretion of the Department of Homeland Security if specifically named on the petition.  

Derivative H-4, L-2, O-3, and P-4 visas, issued to accompanying or following-to-join spouses and children, may not exceed the validity of the visa issued to the principal alien.

There is no reciprocity fee for the issuance of a J visa if the alien is a United States Government grantee or a participant in an exchange program sponsored by the United States Government.

Also, there is no reciprocity fee for visa issuance to an accompanying or following-to-join spouse or child (J-2) of an exchange visitor grantee or participant.

In addition, an applicant is eligible for an exemption from the MRV fee if he or she is participating in a State Department, USAID, or other federally funded educational and cultural exchange program (program serial numbers G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-7).

However, all other applicants with U.S. Government sponsorships, including other J-visa applicants, are subject to the MRV processing fee.

Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Canadian and Mexican nationals coming to engage in certain types of professional employment in the United States may be admitted in a special nonimmigrant category known as the "trade NAFTA" or "TN" category. Their dependents (spouse and children) accompanying or following to join them may be admitted in the "trade dependent" or "TD" category whether or not they possess Canadian or Mexican nationality. Except as noted below, the number of entries, fees and validity for non-Canadian or non-Mexican family members of a TN status holder seeking TD visas should be based on the reciprocity schedule of the TN principal alien.

Canadian Nationals

Since Canadian nationals generally are exempt from visa requirement, a Canadian "TN' or "TD" alien does not require a visa to enter the United States. However, the non-Canadian national dependent of a Canadian "TN", unless otherwise exempt from the visa requirement, must obtain a "TD" visa before attempting to enter the United States. The standard reciprocity fee and validity period for all non-Canadian "TD"s is no fee, issued for multiple entries for a period of 36 months, or for the duration of the principal alien's visa and/or authorized period of stay, whichever is less. See 'NOTE' under Canadian reciprocity schedule regarding applicants of Iranian, Iraqi or Libyan nationality.

Mexican Nationals

Mexican nationals are not visa-exempt. Therefore, all Mexican "TN"s and both Mexican and non-Mexican national "TD"s accompanying or following to join them who are not otherwise exempt from the visa requirement (e.g., the Canadian spouse of a Mexican national "TN") must obtain nonimmigrant visas.

Applicants of Iranian, Iraqi, Libyan, Somalian, Sudanese, Syrian or Yemeni nationality, who have a permanent resident or refugee status in Canada/Mexico, may not be accorded Canadian/Mexican reciprocity, even when applying in Canada/Mexico. The reciprocity fee and period for "TD" applicants from Libya is $10.00 for one entry over a period of 3 months. The Iranian and Iraqi "TD" is no fee with one entry over a period of 3 months.

Q-2 (principal) and Q-3 (dependent) visa categories are in existence as a result of the 'Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998'. However, because the Department anticipates that virtually all applicants for this special program will be either Irish or U.K. nationals, the Q-2 and Q-3 categories have been placed only in the reciprocity schedules for those two countries. Q-2 and Q-3 visas are available only at the Embassy in Dublin and the Consulate General in Belfast.

No S visa may be issued without first obtaining the Department's authorization.

V-2 and V-3 status is limited to persons who have not yet attained their 21st birthday. Accordingly, the period of validity of a V-2 or V-3 visa must be limited to expire on or before the applicant's twenty-first birthday.

Posts may not issue a T-1 visa. A T-1 applicant must be physically present in the United States, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands or a U.S. port of entry, where he/she will apply for an adjustment of status to that of a T-1. The following dependents of a T-1 visa holder, however, may be issued a T visa at a U.S. consular office abroad:

• T-2 (spouse)
• T-3 (child)
• T-4 (parent)

The validity of NATO-5 visas may not exceed the period of validity of the employment contract or 12 months, whichever is less.

The validity of CW-1 and CW-2 visas shall not exceed the maximum initial period of admission allowed by DHS (12 months) or the duration of the transition period ending December 31, 2014, whichever is shortest.

The validity of E-2C visas shall not exceed the maximum initial period of admission allowed by DHS (24 months) or the duration of the transition period ending December 31, 2014, whichever is shortest.

General Documents

All records for Singapore may be considered complete from their origins to the present, except for the "occupation" period during World War II.

Birth, Death, Burial Certificates

Birth certificates.

Fees: SGD 18 subject to change

Document Name: Certificate of Birth

Issuing Authority: Registry of Births and Deaths or Immigration and Checkpoints Authority.

Special Seal(s) / Color / Format: There is no special seal(s)/color/format.

Issuing Authority Personnel Title:   Certificates issued before May 29, 2022, are issued by the Registrar of Births and Deaths. Birth certificates for persons born on or after May 29, 2022, are issued electronically. Applicants may download their birth certificate from the website of the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority. Digital birth certificates have a QR code and website address on the bottom of the certificate which may be used for authentication.

Registration Criteria: See requirements at Birth Registration in Singapore

Procedure for Obtaining: Applicants can print their birth certificates once they are downloaded from the website of the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority. For further information, please see   Birth Registration . All electronically issued birth certificates can be authenticated online at https://eservices.ica.gov.sg/ecert/request/verify/birth

Certified Copies Available:   A birth extract is a certified copy of the birth certificate. Certified copies of birth certificates can be obtained from Registry of Births and Deaths, Citizen Services Centre, ICA Building at 10 Kallang Road, Level 3, Singapore 208718, and phone number 65-6391-6100. For further information, please see  ICA - Birth and Death Extracts

Alternate Documents:   Extract of Registration of Birth, fee applies

Exceptions: None

Comments: None

Death Certificates

Fees:  No fee for registering a death

Document Name: Certificate of the Registration of Death

Issuing Authority Personnel Title: Certificates issued before May 29, 2022, are issued by the Registrar of Births and Deaths. Death certificates for persons deceased on or after May 29, 2022, are issued electronically by the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority.

Registration Criteria:  See requirements at Death Registration in Singapore

Procedure for Obtaining: Effective May 29, 2022, all deaths in Singapore are automatically registered after the medical practitioner certifies the death of the deceased. The next of kin may download the digital death certificate from the website of the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA). Digital death certificates have a QR code on the bottom of the certificate which allows the certificate to be authenticated. ICA no longer issues physical death certificates for deaths occurring on or after May 29, 2022. For further information, please see Death Registration .

Certified Copies Available:  A death extract is a certified true copy of the death certificate. Certified copies of birth certificates can be obtained from Registry of Births and Deaths, Citizen Services Centre, ICA Building at 10 Kallang Road, Level 3, Singapore 208718, and phone number 65-6391-6100. For further information, please see ICA - Birth and Death Extracts .

Alternate Documents:    Extract of Registration of Death, fee applies.

Marriage, Divorce Certificates

Marriage certificates.

Available: If marriage contracted before September 15, 1961.  Please enquire directly with the National Archives of Singapore (NAS)

Fees: There are fees

Document Name:   Certificate of Marriage

Issuing Authority: The Registrar, Registry of Marriages. Civil marriage certificates are pink in color. Marriage certificates for Muslim marriages are green in color.

Issuing Authority Personnel Title: There is no issuing authority personnel title.

Registration Criteria: There are no registration criteria.

Procedure for Obtaining:   Civil marriages are registered under the Women’s Charter. Couples who are married under the Women’s Charter will need to obtain their marriage certificates from the Registry of Marriages.  Obtained from the Registrar, Registry of Marriage (ROM) at 7 Canning Rise, Singapore 179869, phone number 65-6338-9987/65-6338-7808.

Muslim marriages are registered under Islamic Syariah Law.  Muslims may obtain marriage certificates from the Registrar, Registry of Muslim Marriage (ROMM) at 7 Canning Rise, Singapore 179869, phone number 65-6337-0207.

For further information on marriages in Singapore, please see https://www.marriage.gov.sg/

Some churches and religious organizations issue their own marriage certificates. However, these are not valid unless accompanied by either a civil marriage certificate issued by the ROM or a Muslim marriage certificate issued by the ROMM.

Certified Copies Available:  Certified copies are not available

Alternate Documents:  Extract Copy of Marriage Cert referred to as Duplicate certificate, fee applies.

Divorce Certificate

Fees:   There are fees

Civil Divorce:

Document Name: Certificate of making interim judgment final

Issuing Authority: Family Justice Courts

Special Seal(s)/Color/ Format: Embossed and ink seals

Issuing Authority Personnel Title: Deputy Registrar, Family Justice Court

Registration Criteria: There are no registration criteria

Procedure for obtaining: See details at Divorce (judiciary.gov.sg)

Certified Copies Available: Certified copies are available for a fee

Alternate Documents: There are no alternate documents.

Comments: Comments: Please check   Divorce (judiciary.gov.sg) or send an email using the form at Write to Singapore Courts | FormSG

Divorce under Muslim Syariah Law:

Document name:   Decree of Divorce

Issuing Authority: Syariah Court

Special Seal(s)/ Color/ Format: Embossed and ink seals

Issuing Authority Personnel Title: The Kadi or President, Syariah Courts

Registration Criteria: There are registration criteria

Procedure for obtaining: See details at Overview (syariahcourt.gov.sg)  

Alternate Documents: There are no alternate documents

Comments: Please check    Home (syariahcourt.gov.sg)

Adoption Certificates

Document Name:   Adoption Order

Issuing Authority:   Family Justice Courts

Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:  Embossed and ink seals

Procedure for Obtaining:  See information on comments

Certified Copies Available:  Certified copies are available for a fee

Comments:   Please check Adoption (judiciary.gov.sg) or email using the email form at Write to Singapore Courts | FormSG

Identity Card

Available: For Singaporean and permanent residence of Singapore only

Fees:   SGD 10 for Singapore citizens and SGD 50 for Singapore permanent residents

Document Name:   Identity card

Issuing Authority: Immigration and Checkpoints Authority of Singapore

Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:   Light pink for Singaporean and light blue for Singapore PR

Registration Criteria:  See information Registration for Identity Card

Procedure for Obtaining:   See information Registration for Identity Card

Alternate Documents:   One will have to apply for a replacement if lost, damaged, or stolen.

Comments:  Singaporeans who are not residents in Singapore are not required to obtain an Identity card although it is rare for Singaporeans not to have an identity card.

Police, Court, Prison Records

Police certificates.

Fees: Processing fee is SGD 55.00 per application. Payment can be made by credit cards (VISA/MASTERCARD) or internet banking. In addition to the processing fee, a postage fee of SGD 5.00 must be included in the payment (total SGD 60.00) if the COC is to be mailed. Payment is non- refundable once the application is accepted.

Document Name: Certificate of Clearance

Issuing Authority: Singapore Police Force

Registration Criteria: All applicants must complete an online application on the Singapore Police Force eServices website and submit the application with the necessary supporting documents:

A set of applicant’s fingerprint impressions (ten prints). Non- Singaporean applicants applying in Singapore will need to book their fingerprinting appointment though the Singapore Police Force eServices website. For application by post from overseas, the applicant must submit a set of his/her fingerprint impressions taken by a qualified Fingerprint Officer at a Police Station or an authorized office of the country he/she is now residing. Singaporean applicants applying for COCs in Singapore are not required to be fingerprinted.

A photocopy of applicant’s valid passport (showing biodata page).

Two recent photographs measuring 3.5cm by 4.5cm.

Photocopy of document from relevant consulate/immigration authority/government bodies or other requestor to establish that the certificate is required by such authority and that a statutory declaration of no criminal conviction by the applicant is not acceptable as evidence that s/he has no criminal convictions. All documents are to be translated into English if written in other languages.

Procedure for Obtaining: All applicants are required to furnish this letter after adding the names of the principal and dependent applicants as indicated,  to apply for a Certificate of Clearance (COC).

Applicants should apply for the COC online via the Singapore Police Force eServices website at:  eservices.police.gov . Applicants will also be able to make payment and reserve fingerprinting appointments through the eService website. Processing time for each application is between 10 to 15 working days.

Certified Copies Available:   Certified copies are not available.

Alternate Documents:  Duplicate Certificate of Clearance

Exceptions: The police records for Singapore may be considered complete from their origins to the present, except for the period of time during the Japanese occupation of Singapore from 1942 to 1945.

Court Records

Fees:   Varies

Document Name:  Applicants who were previously convicted of offences in Singapore courts must present the “Certificate under 45A of the Evidence Act ( Cap 97 )” as well as the charge sheets listing the offences that they were charged with under Section 157 – 159 of the Criminal Procedure Code ( Chapter 113)

Issuing Authority:   State Courts and Supreme Court of Singapore

Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:  Printed

Issuing Authority Personnel Title:  District Judge, State Courts

Procedure for Obtaining: Please refer to information at Apply for court records - criminal cases (judiciary.gov.sg)

Comments:  For State Courts, use email form on the following webpage:   Write to Singapore Courts/FormSG . For Supreme Court use email form at  Supreme Court matters (form.gov.sg)   [email protected]

Prison Records

Unavailable:   Anyone convicted and sentenced to imprisonment in Singapore, please present the court document for the conviction.

Fees:   There are no fees

Document Name: There is no specific document name.

Issuing Authority:  None

Procedure for Obtaining:  Criminal/civil convictions in Singapore, please present court papers relating to convictions.

Certified Copies Available: Certified copies are not available.

Military Records

Fees: An administrative fee is usually charged to obtain most documents. Applicants should check directly with the issuing authority for the latest information on fees.

Document Name: 'Certificate of Conduct' now known as 'Certificate of Service'

Issuing Authority: The Ministry of Defence, Central Manpower Base

Procedure for Obtaining: All male Singaporeans or male permanent residents of Singapore who have performed national service or full time services in the Armed Forces, Police and Civil Defence Force should have a 'Certificate of Conduct', 'Certificate of Service' or a ‘Service Transcript’. This certificate is obtained from the branch in which the applicant served at the end of their service. Applicants who need to obtain a replacement certificate should note the following information.  

• Applicants who served their national service in the Army, Navy or Air Force may contact the MinDef hotline locally at 1800-3676767 or if calling from outside Singapore +65-6367-6767 for assistance in obtaining a certified copy of their ‘Certificate of Service’ or ‘Service Transcript’. There is an administrative charge of SGD 7. Applicants should check directly with the issuing authority for the latest information on fees.
• Applicants who served in the Singapore Police Force may contact the Police National Service Department at +65-6346-9057 for assistance in obtaining a certified copy of their ‘Certificate of Service’. There is an administrative charge of SGD 10.
• Applicants who served in the Singapore Civil Defence Force may contact +65-6848-3468 for assistance in obtaining a certified copy of their ‘Certificate of Service’. There is an administrative charge of SGD 10.

Alternate Documents:  Applicants who have participated in the Singapore Armed Forces Volunteer Corps (SAFVC) are only issued an ‘End of Service Letter’.

Members of the Singapore Armed Forces are subject to the military service justice system while they are serving in the military. Hence, members who have committed offenses may instead be tried by court martial rather than a civilian court. Punishments under the military justice systems range from fines to long term imprisonment. Only applicants who have not accrued disciplinary records while serving in the military will be issued one of the aforementioned certificates, service transcript or end of service letter. Applicants who were formally disciplined would be issued a “Letter of Certification”.

Court Martial conviction records are not available to the applicants and any party outside the Singapore Armed Forces.

Comments As almost all male Singaporeans and second generation permanent residents must serve national service, applicants who claim to have been exempted from serving national service should furnish documentation stating that they have been exempted.

Passports & Other Travel Documents

Types Available (Regular, Diplomatic, Official, etc.):   Regular, Diplomatic and Official

Fees:   The application fee for a Singapore passport is SGD 70 for online applicants and SGD 80 for walk-in applicants.  Official and Diplomatic passports are free.

Document Name: Passport

Issuing Government Authority: Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration and Checkpoints Authority

Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:   There is no special seal(s)/color/format.

Procedure for Obtaining:   See information at ica.gov.sg

Other Records

There are no other records

• Visa Issuing Posts

Post Title: Singapore  (Embassy)

27 Napier Road Singapore 258508

Phone Number: (65) 6476-9100 - Fax: (65) 6476-9340

Comments / Additional Information: None

Fax: (Consular) (65) 6476-9232

Visa Services

All visa categories for all of Singapore.

Additional Information for Reciprocity

• Reciprocity: What's New
• Temporary Reciprocity Schedule
• Country Acronyms
• Terrorist Designation Lists
• State Sponsors of Terrorism
• Treaty Countries

Afghanistan

Antigua and Barbuda

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brunei Darussalam

Burkina Faso

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

Congo the Democratic Republic of the

Curaçao

Czech Republic

Côte d'Ivoire

Dominican Republic

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Israel, Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza

Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Liechtenstein

Marshall Islands

Micronesia, Federated States of

Moldova, Republic of

Netherlands

New Caledonia

New Zealand

North Korea

North Macedonia

Palestinian Authority

Papua New Guinea

Philippines

Russian Federation

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia

Sierra Leone

Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

Solomon Islands

South Africa

South Korea

South Sudan

Switzerland

Timor-Leste

Trinidad and Tobago

Turkmenistan

Turks and Caicos Islands

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

Virgin Islands, British

Wallis and Futuna

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How Did Mpox Become a Global Emergency? What’s Next?

The virus is evolving, and the newest version spreads more often through heterosexual populations. Sweden reported the first case outside Africa.

• Share full article

By Apoorva Mandavilli

Apoorva Mandavilli covered the 2022 mpox outbreak and the Covid-19 pandemic.

Faced once again with a rapidly spreading epidemic of mpox, the World Health Organization on Wednesday declared a global health emergency. The last time the W.H.O. made that call was in 2022, when the disease was still called monkeypox.

Ultimately the outbreak affected nearly 100,000 people worldwide, primarily gay and bisexual men, including more than 32,000 in the United States.

The W.H.O.’s decision this time was prompted by an escalating crisis of mpox concentrated in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It recently spread to a dozen other African countries. If it is not contained, the virus again may rampage all over the world, experts warned.

On Thursday, Sweden reported the first case of a deadlier form of mpox outside Africa , in a person who had traveled to the continent. “Occasional imported cases like the current one may continue to occur,” the country’s public health agency warned.

“There’s a need for concerted effort by all stakeholders, not only in Africa, but everywhere else,” Dr. Dimie Ogoina, a Nigerian scientist and chair of the W.H.O.’s mpox emergency committee, said on Wednesday.

Congo alone has reported 15,600 mpox cases and 537 deaths, most of them among children under 15, indicating that the nature of the disease and its mode of spread may have changed.

Here’s what to know.

Is this the virus we saw in 2022?

This is a different version of the mpox virus.

Mpox is a close relative of the smallpox virus. There are two main types: Clade I, the version that is dominant in Congo, and Clade II, a form of which caused the 2022 global outbreak. (A clade is a genetically and clinically distinct group of viruses.)

Clade I mpox is generally thought to cause more severe illness and to have a much higher mortality rate, which is one reason the W.H.O. is sounding the alarm now. Officials hope to contain this outbreak before it spreads to other continents.

The infection may resemble an ordinary respiratory illness at first but later blooms into a raised rash in the mouth, hands, feet or genitals. The virus spreads mainly through close contact — directly with the skin or fluids of an infected person, or with contaminated bed linens and other items.

Scientists learned during the 2022 outbreak that mpox can spread even in the absence of symptoms. And the rash may be mistaken for other diseases such as measles or chickenpox, particularly in young children.

Who is getting infected this time?

In the 2022 outbreak, mpox spread globally mainly among gay and bisexual men. Behavioral changes in that community helped to contain the virus, and vaccination at the time, or now, will help protect them.

Until recently, most cases in Congo resulted from consumption of contaminated meat or close contact with infected animals and people. But last year, scientists discovered a new subtype of mpox, Clade Ib, which appears to spread from person to person primarily through heterosexual transmission .

Most cases have been observed in prostitutes, truckers and other transient workers.

“Sex is probably the primary driver, and then the secondary driver is close contact and households,” said Dr. Jay Varma, the chief medical officer at SIGA Technologies, which manufactures tecovirimat, a drug used to treat mpox infection.

As with many other infections, most people with healthy immune systems are unlikely to become severely ill with mpox. Those who have weakened immune systems, including those living with H.I.V., are at highest risk of severe illness and death .

Older adults, who are typically more susceptible to infections, may be at least somewhat protected by their childhood vaccinations for smallpox, which ended in the United States in 1972.

Most of the deaths in Congo have been in children under 15, perhaps because their health may already be compromised by poor medical care, malnutrition and the many other pathogens they face.

Has the outbreak spread to the United States or Europe?

Many countries worldwide, including the United States, have continued to see patients with Clade IIb mpox, the version that caused the 2022 outbreak.

So far this year, there have been about 1,657 cases of mpox in the United States, more than double the number at this time last year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Just one case of the more severe Clade I infection has been reported in Europe — in Sweden, in a person who had traveled to Africa. Other so-called “imported” cases seem likely. But experts tend to worry more about community transmission.

“I don’t think the risk right now for Americans is high at all, but what this is telling us is that we have to be vigilant,” said Dr. Trish Perl, an infectious disease physician at UT Southwestern Medical Center.

But previous epidemics, including of mpox, illustrate that an uncontrolled outbreak anywhere in the world may eventually turn up everywhere, Dr. Varma said. Since December, the C.D.C. has twice warned clinicians and the general public to remain alert for signs of mpox.

“I really think it’s only a matter of time before North America, Europe, etc., start to see cases,” he said, referring to the deadlier viral subtype. “Unless we invest in disease control everywhere, we’re going to remain always at risk.”

Will the vaccine still protect against mpox?

Two doses of the mpox vaccine Jynneos should protect against all versions of the virus, experts said.

Jynneos, made by Bavarian Nordic, was used in 2022 in the United States and Europe. The vaccine, initially developed against smallpox, should protect against mpox and all other members of that virus family, said Dr. Boghuma Titanji, an infectious diseases physician at Emory University in Atlanta.

Several studies have shown that antibodies prompted by the Jynneos vaccine wane and may be undetectable within a year. But other research has found that two doses effectively prevent severe illness , Dr. Titanji said.

In the United States, however, fewer than one in four people for whom vaccination was recommended got two doses.

“People were less interested in coming back and getting that second dose, or even starting the course of their vaccination,” Dr. Titanji said. “Maybe we will see an increase in uptick in vaccination, and this will serve as a reminder for people to come in and get vaccinated.”

In 2022, the federal government provided the shots at no cost. Jynneos is now commercially available, and some insurance companies may cover the cost.

For some patients, the shots may prove too expensive , Dr. Perl said. If mpox cases were to escalate, the U.S. government may again make the shots available free of charge, according to a federal official with knowledge of the situation.

Is the U.S. prepared for another bout with mpox?

Yes and no.

Scientists learned a lot about the virus in 2022 and have identified vaccines and treatments. But they do not fully understand how the deadlier virus is spreading in Africa, especially among children, or who is most at risk.

“This is very, very crucial when you think about designing a response strategy,” Dr. Titanji said.

There are few resources allocated to fighting sexually transmitted infections in the United States, said David Harvey, the executive director of the National Coalition of STD Directors.

Officials have not solved the problems that hobbled the response in 2022, including poor uptake of the vaccine and “a shockingly underfunded S.T.I. public health system,” Mr. Harvey said.

“Today, we worry about an mpox outbreak,” he added. “We’re already dealing with syphilis, and tomorrow there will be another outbreak of an S.T.I.”

An earlier version of this article misstated the number of U.S. mpox cases so far in 2024. It is 1,657, not 740.

How we handle corrections

Apoorva Mandavilli is a reporter focused on science and global health. She was a part of the team that won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for coverage of the pandemic. More about Apoorva Mandavilli